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Volume 25, Number 6—June 2019
Synopsis

Immunopathology of Fatal Human Variegated Squirrel Bornavirus 1 Encephalitis, Germany, 2011–2013

Dennis TappeComments to Author , Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit, Jessica Rauch, Petra Allartz, and Christiane Herden
Author affiliations: Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany (D. Tappe, J. Schmidt-Chanasit, J. Rauch, P. Allartz); German Centre for Infection Research, Hamburg (J. Schmidt-Chanasit); University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany (C. Herden)

Main Article

Figure 1

Brain inflammation in patients with fatal variegated squirrel bornavirus 1 encephalitis. A) Brain section showing mononuclear cell infiltration and tissue edema. Hematoxylin and eosin stain; original magnification ×100. B) Depiction of glial cell activation in a brain biopsy sample of malacia. Astrocytes appear bizarre and enlarged. Hematoxylin and eosin stain; original magnification ×400. C) Demonstration of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Immunoperoxidase stain with hematoxylin counter

Figure 1. Brain inflammation in patients with fatal variegated squirrel bornavirus 1 encephalitis. A) Brain section showing mononuclear cell infiltration and tissue edema. Hematoxylin and eosin stain; original magnification ×100. B) Depiction of glial cell activation in a brain biopsy sample of malacia. Astrocytes appear bizarre and enlarged. Hematoxylin and eosin stain; original magnification ×400. C) Demonstration of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Immunoperoxidase stain with hematoxylin counterstain; original magnification ×200. D) Predominantly foamy cells (lipid-laden microglia or macrophages [arrows]) and a few bushy microglia (arrowheads) as shown by marked CD68 positivity throughout the inflamed regions. Immunoperoxidase stain with hematoxylin counterstain; original magnification ×200. E) HLA-DR (brown) and CD68 positivity (blue) indicating many reactive microglia and macrophages. Immunoperoxidase and immunophosphatase stains; original magnification ×200.

Main Article

CrossRef reports the first page should be "A793", not "d541". (Ref. 8 "Stitz, Bilzer, Planz, 2002")

CrossRef reports the first page should be "1", not "379817". (Ref. 17 "Khan, Ahmad, Alshammari, Adnan, Baig, Lohani, et al., 2015")

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Page updated: May 20, 2019
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