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Volume 25, Number 6—June 2019
Synopsis

Immunopathology of Fatal Human Variegated Squirrel Bornavirus 1 Encephalitis, Germany, 2011–2013

Dennis TappeComments to Author , Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit, Jessica Rauch, Petra Allartz, and Christiane Herden
Author affiliations: Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany (D. Tappe, J. Schmidt-Chanasit, J. Rauch, P. Allartz); German Centre for Infection Research, Hamburg (J. Schmidt-Chanasit); University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany (C. Herden)

Main Article

Figure 4

Induction of apoptosis in brain cells through association with granzyme B+/CD8+ cells, formation of cleaved caspase 3 and p53 up-regulation. A, B) Granzyme B+ cells in association with neurons and astrocytes during variegated squirrel bornavirus 1 infection. Immunoperoxidase stain with hematoxylin counterstain; original magnification ×400. C) Demonstration of brain cell apoptosis by shrinkage and positivity for cleaved caspase 3 (red) in close contact with CD8+ T cells (blue). Immunoperoxidase a

Figure 4. Induction of apoptosis in brain cells through association with granzyme B+/CD8+ cells, formation of cleaved caspase 3 and p53 up-regulation. A, B) Granzyme B+ cells in association with neurons and astrocytes during variegated squirrel bornavirus 1 infection. Immunoperoxidase stain with hematoxylin counterstain; original magnification ×400. C) Demonstration of brain cell apoptosis by shrinkage and positivity for cleaved caspase 3 (red) in close contact with CD8+ T cells (blue). Immunoperoxidase and immunophosphatase stains; original magnification ×600. D) Apoptotic cells positive for cleaved caspase 3 (red) in spatial association with granzyme B+ cytotoxic cells (blue). Immunoperoxidase and immunophosphatase stains; original magnification ×400. E) Widespread positivity for the p53 protein. Marked staining of perivascular mononuclear inflammatory cells, neurons (arrow), astrocytes (arrowhead), and rod cells (star) is shown. Immunoperoxidase stain with hematoxylin counterstain; original magnification ×200.

Main Article

CrossRef reports the first page should be "A793", not "d541". (Ref. 8 "Stitz, Bilzer, Planz, 2002")

CrossRef reports the first page should be "1", not "379817". (Ref. 17 "Khan, Ahmad, Alshammari, Adnan, Baig, Lohani, et al., 2015")

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Page updated: May 20, 2019
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