Human Immune Responses to Melioidosis and Cross-Reactivity to Low-Virulence Burkholderia Species, Thailand1
Patpong Rongkard, Barbara Kronsteiner, Viriya Hantrakun, Kemajittra Jenjaroen, Manutsanun Sumonwiriya, Panjaporn Chaichana, Suchintana Chumseng, Narisara Chantratita, Vanaporn Wuthiekanun, Helen A. Fletcher, Prapit Teparrukkul, Direk Limmathurotsakul, Nicholas P.J. Day, and Susanna J. Dunachie
Author affiliations: University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (P. Rongkard, B. Kronsteiner, N.P.J. Day, S.J. Dunachie); Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand (P. Rongkard, V. Hantrakun, K. Jenjaroen, M. Sumonwiriya, P. Chaichana, S. Chumseng, N. Chantratita, V. Wuthiekanun, D. Limmathurotsakul, N.P.J. Day, S.J. Dunachie); Mahidol University, Bangkok (N. Chantratita, D. Limmathurotsakul); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK (H.A. Fletcher); Sunpasitthiprasong Hospital, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand (P. Teparrukkul)
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Figure 1
Figure 1. Humoral immune responses to Burkholderia pseudomallei, B. thailandensis, and BTCV by indirect hemagglutination assay, Thailand. IHA titers are shown for acute melioidosis patients (n = 73) and 3 control cohorts, HH (n = 35), DM (n = 54), and OGNI (n = 10), against culture-filtrate antigen of B. pseudomallei, B. thailandensis, and BTCV. Each symbol represents an IHA titer response from a patient. Dotted line indicates the IHA cutoff titer for seropositivity. Medians (horizontal lines) and interquartile ranges (error bars) are provided. p values were calculated by using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test. Horizontal bars at top of figure indicate comparisons across cohorts. BTCV, B. thailandensis CPS variant; CPS, capsular polysaccharide; DM, patients with diabetes mellitus; HH, healthy household contacts of the melioidosis case-patients; IHA, indirect hemagglutination assay.
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