Human Immune Responses to Melioidosis and Cross-Reactivity to Low-Virulence Burkholderia Species, Thailand1
Patpong Rongkard, Barbara Kronsteiner, Viriya Hantrakun, Kemajittra Jenjaroen, Manutsanun Sumonwiriya, Panjaporn Chaichana, Suchintana Chumseng, Narisara Chantratita, Vanaporn Wuthiekanun, Helen A. Fletcher, Prapit Teparrukkul, Direk Limmathurotsakul, Nicholas P.J. Day, and Susanna J. Dunachie
Author affiliations: University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (P. Rongkard, B. Kronsteiner, N.P.J. Day, S.J. Dunachie); Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand (P. Rongkard, V. Hantrakun, K. Jenjaroen, M. Sumonwiriya, P. Chaichana, S. Chumseng, N. Chantratita, V. Wuthiekanun, D. Limmathurotsakul, N.P.J. Day, S.J. Dunachie); Mahidol University, Bangkok (N. Chantratita, D. Limmathurotsakul); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK (H.A. Fletcher); Sunpasitthiprasong Hospital, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand (P. Teparrukkul)
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Figure 4
Figure 4. Cellular immune responses to Burkholderia pseudomallei, B. thailandensis, and BTCV by whole-blood stimulation assay using flow cytometry between melioidosis patients and healthy persons in B. pseudomallei–endemic areas, Thailand. Whole blood samples from 14 patients with acute melioidosis and 8 HH contacts were stimulated with culture-filtrate antigens of B. pseudomallei, B. thailandensis, BTCV, and SEB (positive control). Frequencies of CD4, CD8, and DN T cells; NK cells; and other cells within total IFN-γ–producing cells are shown. Medians were used to generate each vertical slice graph. BTCV, B. thailandensis CPS variant; CPS, capsular polysaccharide; DM, patients with diabetes mellitus; DN, double negative (CD4–CD8–); HH, healthy household contacts of melioidosis case-patients; IFN-γ, interferon-γ; SEB, Staphylococcus enterotoxin B.
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