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Volume 26, Number 8—August 2020
Research

Factors Associated with Prescription of Antimicrobial Drugs for Dogs and Cats, United Kingdom, 2014–2016

David A. SingletonComments to Author , Gina L. Pinchbeck, Alan D. Radford, Elena Arsevska, Susan Dawson, Philip H. Jones, Peter-John M. Noble, Nicola J. Williams, and Fernando Sánchez-Vizcaíno
Author affiliations: University of Liverpool Leahurst Campus, Neston, UK (D.A. Singleton, G.L. Pinchbeck, A.D. Radford, E. Arsevska, S. Dawson, P.H. Jones, P.-J.M. Noble, N.J. Williams); Animal and Plant Health Agency, Shrewsbury, UK (P.H. Jones); University of Bristol Langford Campus, Bristol, UK (F. Sánchez-Vizcaíno)

Main Article

Table 3

Results from a multivariable mixed effect logistic regression model assessing the association between a range of categorical animal, owner, practitioner and practice-related factors and the probability of prescribing a systemic highest priority critically important antimicrobial drug for dogs, United Kingdom, 2014–2016*

Category β SE OR (95% CI) p value
Intercept
England −4.77 0.11 0.01 (0.01–0.01) NA
Scotland −4.91 0.21 0.01 (0.01–0.01) NA
Wales
 −4.88
 0.22
 0.01 (0.01–001)
 NA
Categorical factors
Main presenting complaint
Gastroenteric NA NA Referent NA
Kidney disease 0.11 0.18 1.12 (0.78–1.60) 0.55
Other unwell −0.33 0.06 0.72 (0.64–0.80) <0.01
Pruritus −0.23 0.07 0.79 (0.70–0.90) <0.01
Respiratory 0.29 0.09 1.33 (1.13–1.57) <0.01
Trauma −1.16 0.08 0.31 (0.27–0.37) <0.01
Tumor −0.92 0.11 0.40 (0.32–0.49) <0.01
Vaccination status
Not vaccinated NA NA Referent NA
Vaccinated −0.10 0.04 0.91 (0.83–0.99) 0.03
Insurance status
Not insured NA NA Referent NA
Insured 0.15 0.05 1.16 (1.07–1.27) <0.01
Genetic breed group (29)
Retriever NA NA Referent NA
Ancient/spitz 0.12 0.22 1.13 (0.73–1.74) 0.60
Crossbreed 0.24 0.08 1.27 (1.09–1.48) <0.01
Herding 0.04 0.12 1.04 (0.82–1.32) 0.73
Mastiff-like 0.16 0.10 1.17 (0.97–1.43) 0.11
Scent hound 0.67 0.13 1.96 (1.52–2.52) <0.01
Sight hound 0.43 0.17 1.54 (1.10–2.15) 0.01
Small terrier 0.67 0.08 1.96 (1.67–2.29) <0.01
Spaniel 0.45 0.08 1.57 (1.33–1.84) <0.01
Toy 0.94 0.10 2.56 (2.10–3.12) <0.01
Unclassified 0.39 0.09 1.47 (1.24–1.74) <0.01
Unknown 0.23 0.22 1.25 (0.81–1.94) 0.31
Working dog
 0.45
 0.11
 1.56 (1.27–1.93)
 <0.01
Continuous factors
Age
Linear 0.19 0.04 1.21 (1.12–1.31) <0.01
Quadratic −0.06 0.03 0.95 (0.90–0.99) 0.03
Cubic 0.04 0.02 1.04 (1.01–1.08) 0.01

*n = 3,971/281,543 sick consultations. Random effect variance (± SD): animal 3.04 (1.74), site 0.13 (0.36), practice 0.44 (0.66). Significant (p<0.05) results are displayed in boldface. NA, not applicable; OR, odds ratio.

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