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Volume 28, Number 1—January 2022
Research

Systematic Genomic and Clinical Analysis of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Reinfections and Recurrences Involving the Same Strain

Cristina Rodríguez-Grande, Luis Alcalá, Agustín Estévez, Pedro J. Sola-Campoy, Sergio Buenestado-Serrano, Carolina Martínez-Laperche, Víctor Manuel de la Cueva, Roberto Alonso, Cristina Andrés-Zayas, Javier Adán-Jiménez, Carmen Losada, Carla Rico-Luna, Iñaki Comas, Fernando González-Candelas, Pilar Catalán, Patricia Muñoz, Laura Pérez-Lago1, Darío García de Viedma1Comments to Author , and on behalf of the Gregorio Marañón Microbiology-ID COVID 19 Study Group2
Author affiliations: Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, Madrid, Spain (C. Rodríguez-Grande, L. Alcalá, A. Estévez, P.J. Sola-Campoy, S. Buenestado-Serrano, C. Martínez-Laperche, V.M. de la Cueva, R. Alonso, C. Andrés-Zayas, J. Adán-Jiménez, C. Losada, C. Rico-Luna, P. Catalán, P. Muñoz, L. Pérez-Lago, D. Garcia de Viedma); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid (C. Rodríguez-Grande, L. Alcalá, A. Estévez, P.J. Sola-Campoy, S. Buenestado-Serrano, C. Martínez-Laperche, V.M. de la Cueva, R. Alonso, C. Andrés-Zayas, J. Adán-Jiménez, C. Losada, C. Rico-Luna, P. Catalán, P. Muñoz, L. Pérez-Lago, D. García de Viedma); CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid (L. Alcalá, R. Alonso, P. Catalán, P. Muñoz, D. García de Viedma); Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain (I. Comas); CIBER Salud Pública, Madrid (I. Comas, F. González-Candelas); J; oint Research Unit “Infection and Public Health” FISABIO-University of Valencia, Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, Valencia (F. González-Candelas); Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid (P. Muñoz)

Main Article

Figure 2

Global dating of the first emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants identified in reinfections, Madrid, Spain, March 2020–March 2021, with available sequences only for the second specimen (patients 11–22). The phylogeny includes the 3,339 genomes from Nextstrain (https://nextstrain.org), extracted from the Europe-focused subsampling, through April 2021. Dates of the first episodes of cases are indicated with vertical lines. Dates for global emergence for the variants involved in their second episodes (B.1.1.7 and B.1.177) are indicated with an arrow and correspond to their first descriptions in Spain (as documented in GISAID, https://www.gisaid.org): for B.1.177, June 16, 2020 (hCoV-19/Spain/IB-IBV-99010764/2020, accession no. EPI_ISL_691664) and for B.1.1.7, November 8, 2020 (hCoV-19/Spain/VC-IBV-98012610/2020, accession no. EPI_ISL_1060510). Only reinfection cases finally validated by short tandem repeat host analysis are included.

Figure 2. Global dating of the first emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants identified in reinfections, Madrid, Spain, March 2020–March 2021, with available sequences only for the second specimen (patients 11–22). The phylogeny includes the 3,339 genomes from Nextstrain (https://nextstrain.org), extracted from the Europe-focused subsampling, through April 2021. Dates of the first episodes of cases are indicated with vertical lines. Dates for global emergence for the variants involved in their second episodes (B.1.1.7 and B.1.177) are indicated with an arrow and correspond to their first descriptions in Spain (as documented in GISAID, https://www.gisaid.org): for B.1.177, June 16, 2020 (hCoV-19/Spain/IB-IBV-99010764/2020, accession no. EPI_ISL_691664) and for B.1.1.7, November 8, 2020 (hCoV-19/Spain/VC-IBV-98012610/2020, accession no. EPI_ISL_1060510). Only reinfection cases finally validated by short tandem repeat host analysis are included.

Main Article

1These senior authors contributed equally to this article.

2Members of the Gregorio Marañón Microbiology-ID COVID 19 Study Group are listed at the end of this article.

Page created: November 04, 2021
Page updated: December 20, 2021
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