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Volume 28, Number 3—March 2022
Research

Case–Control Study of Clostridium innocuum Infection, Taiwan

Yi-Ching Chen1, Yi-Chun Kuo1, Mi-Chi Chen, Young-Da Zhang, Chyi-Liang Chen, Puo-Hsien Le, and Cheng-Hsun ChiuComments to Author 
Author affiliations: Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan (Y.-C. Chen, Y.-C. Kuo, C.-H. Chiu); Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan (Y.-C. Chen, M.-C. Chen, Y.-D. Zhang, C.-L. Chen, P.-H. Le, C.-H. Chiu)

Main Article

Table 3

Clinical and laboratory characteristics by the infecting Clostridium species in case–control study of C. innocuum infection, Taiwan*

Characteristic C. innocuum, n = 152 Clostridioides difficile, n = 304 p value
Clinical symptoms
Diarrhea 56 (36.8) 217 (71.4) <0.001
Fever 29 (19.1) 92 (30.3) 0.011
Abdominal pain 37 (24.3) 54 (17.8) 0.098
Vomiting 13 (8.6) 29 (9.5) 0.731
Abdominal distension
 25 (16.4)
 41 (13.5)
 0.391
Blood testing
Leukocytes, cells/μL† 10,454 (6,773) 11,005 (6,788) 0.783
Hemoglobin, g/dL† 10.7 (2.4) 9.8 (2.0) <0.001
Platelet count × 1,000/μL† 243 (110.4) 231 (135.0) 0.134
CRP, mg/L, median (IQR)‡
55.7 (104.7)
 55.7 (97.2)
 0.108
Stool routine, no. positive/total (%)
Occult blood 53/73 (72.6) 175/216 (81.0) 0.128
Mucus 9/70 (12.8) 39/205 (19.0) 0.241
Pus cells
 8/70 (11.4)
 30/205 (14.6)
 0.502
Sample site
Stool 96 (63.2) 279 (91.8) <0.001
Blood 7 (4.6) 1 (0.3) 0.001
Ascites 13 (8.5) 8 (2.7) 0.002
Bile§ 2 (1.3) 1 (0.3) 0.219
Pus/abscess§ 16 (10.5) 3 (1.0) <0.001
Wound/deep tissue§ 16 (10.5) 12 (3.6) 0.006
Endocervix§ 1 (0.7) 0 0.592
Semen§
 1 (0.7)
 0
 0.592
Antimicrobial susceptibility#
Metronidazole 20/20 (100) 53/53 (100) 1.000
Clindamycin§ 30/44 (68.2) 17/20 (85.0) 0.158
Penicillin§ 35/44 (79.5) 12/20 (60.0) 0.101
Ampicillin/sulbactam 21/21 (100) 44/44 (100) 1.000

*Values are no. (%) patients except as indicated. Among patients with C. difficile (CD)–associated diarrhea, the CD toxin assay positive rate was 65%. χ2 tests were used to compare all the categorical variables listed in the table except as noted. CRP, C-reactive protein; IQR, interquartile range. †By independent t test. ‡By Mann-Whitney test. §By Fisher exact test. #Data are expressed as susceptible isolate number/total isolate number (%).

Main Article

1These authors contributed equally to this article.

Page created: January 23, 2022
Page updated: February 21, 2022
Page reviewed: February 21, 2022
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