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Volume 30, Number 9—September 2024
Research

Mpox Epidemiology and Risk Factors, Nigeria, 2022

Dimie OgoinaComments to Author , Mahmmod Muazu Dalhat, Ballah Akawu Denue, Mildred Okowa, Nneka Marian Chika-Igwenyi, Sebastine Oseghae Oiwoh, Ekaete Alice Tobin, Hakeem Abiola Yusuff, Anastacia Okwudili Ojimba, Umenzekwe Chukwudi Christian, John-Tunde Aremu, Simji Samuel Gomerep, Kambai Lalus Habila, Sati Klein Awang, Olukemi Adekanmbi, Michael Iroezindu, Asukwo Onukak, Olanrewaju Falodun, Mogaji Sunday, Simon Mafuka Johnson, Abimbola Olaitan, Chizaram Onyeaghala, Datonye Alasia, Juliet Mmerem, Uche Unigwe, Vivian Kwaghe, Mukhtar Abdulmajid Adeiza, and on behalf of Nigerian Infectious Diseases Society (NIDS) mpox study group1
Author affiliations: Niger Delta University/Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital, Bayelsa, Nigeria (D. Ogoina); Infectious Diseases Control Centre, Kaduna State, Nigeria (M.M. Dalhat); University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria (B.A. Denue); Ministry of Health, Asaba, Nigeria (M. Okowa); Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria (N.M. Chika-Igwenyi); Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Nigeria (S. Oiwoh, E.A. Tobin); Ministry of Health, Abeokuta, Nigeria (H.A. Yusuff); Federal Medical Centre, Asaba (A.O. Ojimba); Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria. (U.C. Christian); Federal Teaching Hospital, Gombe, Nigeria (J.T. Aremu); Jos University Teaching hospital/University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria (S.S. Gomerep); Kaduna State Emergency Medical Services and Ambulance System, Kaduna, Nigeria (K.L. Habila); Modibo Adamawa University Teaching Hospital, Yola, Nigeria (S.K. Awang); University of Ibadan College of Medicine, Ibadan, Nigeria (O. Adekanmbi); University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria (M. Iroezindu, J Mmerem, U. Unigwe); University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria (A. Onukak); National Hospital Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (O. Falodun); Federal Medical Centre Ebute-Metta, Lagos, Nigeria (M. Sunday); Federal University Teaching Hospital, Imo, Nigeria (S.M. Johnson); Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Nigeria (A. Olaitan); University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria (C. Onyeaghala, D. Alasia); University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagalada, Nigeria (V. Kwaghe); Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria (M.A. Adeiza)

Main Article

Table 4

Epidemiologic risk factors for PCR-confirmed mpox among children (<18 y) during mpox outbreak, Nigeria 2022*

Variables
No. (%)
 Univariate analysis
 Multivariate analysis
Total Mpox-pos Mpox-neg cOR (95% CI) p value† aOR (95% CI) p value†
Sex at birth
F 30 (41.1) 9 (34.6) 21 (44.7) Referent Referent
M
 43 (58.9)
 17 (65.4)
 26 (55.3)
1.53 (0.57, 4.11)
 0.403
1.56 (0.46, 5.27)
 0.477
Age group
0–9 y 42 (57.5) 15 (57.7) 27 (57.4) 1.01 (0.38, 2.66) 0.984 2.03 (0.59, 7.05) 0.264
10–1 y
 31 (42.5)
 11 (42.3)
 20 (42.6)
Referent
Referent
Close contact confirmed
Yes 13 (17.8) 7 (26.9) 6 (12.8) 2.52 (0.74, 8.51) 0.13‡ 4.76 (1.14, 19.87) 0.032
No
 60 (82.2)
 19 (73.1)
 41 (87.2)
Referent
Referent
Animal exposure§
Yes 7 (9.6) 5 (19.2) 2 (4.3) 5.36 (0.96, 29.91) 0.05‡ 9.97 (1.27, 78.34) 0.029
No
 66 (90.4)
 21 (80.8)
 45 (95.7)
Referent
Referent
Place residence 0.632
Rural 12 (16.4) 5 (19.2) 7 (14.9) 1.36 (0.35, 4.81)
Urban/semi-urban
 61 (83.6)
 21 (80.8)
 40 (85.1)
Referent
VZV status¶ 0.001
Positive 24 (37.5) 15 (62.5) 9 (22.5) 5.74 (1.89, 17.43)
Negative 40 (62.5) 9 (37.5) 31 (77.5) Referent

*Boldface indicates statistical significance. aOR, adjusted odds ratio; cOR, crude odds ratio; VZV, varicella zoster virus. †p values determined by χ2 tests except as indicated. ‡Fisher exact test. §The 5 mpox-pos children with animal exposures did not report associated contact with a human with suspected mpox. ¶Some VZV status data were missing.

Main Article

1Additional members of the NIDS study group Nigeria who are co-authors and contributed data to this work are listed at the end of this article.

Page created: July 30, 2024
Page updated: August 22, 2024
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