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Volume 31, Number 1—January 2025
Research
Surveillance Strategy in Duck Flocks Vaccinated against Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus
Sophie Planchand, Timothée Vergne
, Jean-Luc Guérin, Séverine Rautureau, Guillaume Gerbier, and Sébastien Lambert
, Jean-Luc Guérin, Séverine Rautureau, Guillaume Gerbier, and Sébastien Lambert
Table 2
Summary of the surveillance events over the entire production cycle in a study of surveillance strategies in duck flocks vaccinated against highly pathogenic avian influenza virus*
| Events | Days in production cycle |
|||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 | 18 | 20 | 25 | 28 | 30 | 32 | 35 | 39 | 40 | 46 | 53 | 60 | 67 | 74 | 80 | 81 | 84 | |
| Vaccine doses |
X |
X |
||||||||||||||||
| % Immunity† |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
In |
In |
In |
In |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
| Surveillance events | ||||||||||||||||||
| Passive‡ |
D |
D |
D |
D |
D |
D |
D |
D |
D |
D |
D |
D |
D |
D |
D |
D |
D |
D |
| Enhanced passive | ||||||||||||||||||
| Every 7 d | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||
| Every 14 d |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
|||||||||||||
| Active | ||||||||||||||||||
| Every 20 d | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||
| Every 30 d | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||
| Every 40 d | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||
*D, daily; In, increasing gradually; P, passive surveillance. †Refers to immunity in vaccinated and immune ducks (70%, 80%, or 90% of the flock immune). ‡Passive surveillance has 3 strategies: P1, daily proportion of dead ducks found on the farm; P2, weekly proportion of dead ducks found on the farm; and P3, ratio of the daily mortality to the natural daily mortality.
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