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Volume 31, Number 4—April 2025
Research
Neutralizing Antibodies against California Serogroup Orthobunyaviruses in Human Serum Samples, Montana, USA
Figure 3

Figure 3. Serum analysis in a study of neutralizing antibodies against California serogroup orthobunyaviruses in human serum samples, Montana, USA. A) Screening process; B) general relationship between analyzed viruses. All samples were initially screened for neutralizing antibody against JCV using a 5-fold dilution series starting at a 1:10 dilution. Samples that were positive for JCV neutralization were subsequently screened for neutralization of other California serogroup viruses and a non–cross-reacting Bunyamwera serogroup virus, CVV. CEV, California encephalitis virus; CVV, Cache Valley virus; JCV, James Canyon virus; LACV, La Crosse virus; SSHV, snowshoe hare virus; TVTV, Trivittatus virus.
1These first authors contributed equally to this article.
2Current affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA