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Volume 31, Number 5—May 2025
Research

Metagenomic Identification of Fusarium solani Strain as Cause of US Fungal Meningitis Outbreak Associated with Surgical Procedures in Mexico, 2023

Charles Y. ChiuComments to Author , Venice Servellita, Mikael de Lorenzi-Tognon, Patrick Benoit, Nanami Sumimoto, Abiodun Foresythe, Filipe M. Cerqueira, Natalie Williams-Bouyer, Ping Ren, Lauren Nicholas S. Herrera, David C. Gaston, Leanna Sayyad, Shannon L. Whitmer, John Klena, Holenarasipur R. Vikram, Jeremy A.W. Gold, Lalitha Gade, Lindsay Parnell, Elizabeth Misas, Tom M. Chiller, Isabel S. Griffin, Sridhar V. Basavaraju, Dallas J. Smith, Anastasia P. Litvintseva, and Nancy A. Chow
Author affiliation: Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA (C.Y. Chiu); University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA (C.Y. Chiu, V. Servellita, M. de Lorenzi-Tognon, P. Benoit, N. Sumimoto, A. Foresythe); Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA (C.Y. Chiu, V. Servellita, M. de Lorenzi-Tognon, P. Benoit, N. Sumimoto, A. Foresythe); The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA (F.M. Cerqueira, N. Williams-Bouyer, P. Ren); Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA (L.N.S. Herrera, D.C. Gaston); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (L. Sayyad, S.L. Whitmer, J. Klena, J.A.W. Gold, L. Gade, L. Parnell, E. Misas, T.M. Chiller, I.S. Griffin, S.V. Basavaraju, D.J. Smith, A.P. Litvintseva, N.A. Chow); Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA (H.R. Vikram)

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Figure 3

Diagram of concatenation and alignment step of the metaMELT procedure (metagenomic multiple extended locus typing, a novel analytic technique for simultaneously diagnosing the infection and characterizing the interrelatedness of Fusarium solani strains) used for identification of F. solani strain as cause of fungal meningitis US outbreak associated with surgical procedures in Mexico, 2023. The diagram shows concatenated metagenomic next-generation sequencing reads from 4 patients and the corresponding regions extracted from reference genomes, which are aligned to by using MAFFT version 7.388 (22). This diagram demonstrates step shown in Figure 2, panel B.

Figure 3. Diagram of concatenation and alignment step of the metaMELT procedure (metagenomic multiple extended locus typing, a novel analytic technique for simultaneously diagnosing the infection and characterizing the interrelatedness of Fusarium solani strains) used for identification of F. solani strain as cause of fungal meningitis US outbreak associated with surgical procedures in Mexico, 2023. The diagram shows concatenated metagenomic next-generation sequencing reads from 4 patients and the corresponding regions extracted from reference genomes, which are aligned to by using MAFFT version 7.388 (22). This diagram demonstrates step shown in Figure 2, panel B.

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