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Volume 31, Number 5—May 2025
Research

Metagenomic Identification of Fusarium solani Strain as Cause of US Fungal Meningitis Outbreak Associated with Surgical Procedures in Mexico, 2023

Charles Y. ChiuComments to Author , Venice Servellita, Mikael de Lorenzi-Tognon, Patrick Benoit, Nanami Sumimoto, Abiodun Foresythe, Filipe M. Cerqueira, Natalie Williams-Bouyer, Ping Ren, Lauren Nicholas S. Herrera, David C. Gaston, Leanna Sayyad, Shannon L. Whitmer, John Klena, Holenarasipur R. Vikram, Jeremy A.W. Gold, Lalitha Gade, Lindsay Parnell, Elizabeth Misas, Tom M. Chiller, Isabel S. Griffin, Sridhar V. Basavaraju, Dallas J. Smith, Anastasia P. Litvintseva, and Nancy A. Chow
Author affiliation: Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA (C.Y. Chiu); University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA (C.Y. Chiu, V. Servellita, M. de Lorenzi-Tognon, P. Benoit, N. Sumimoto, A. Foresythe); Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA (C.Y. Chiu, V. Servellita, M. de Lorenzi-Tognon, P. Benoit, N. Sumimoto, A. Foresythe); The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA (F.M. Cerqueira, N. Williams-Bouyer, P. Ren); Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA (L.N.S. Herrera, D.C. Gaston); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (L. Sayyad, S.L. Whitmer, J. Klena, J.A.W. Gold, L. Gade, L. Parnell, E. Misas, T.M. Chiller, I.S. Griffin, S.V. Basavaraju, D.J. Smith, A.P. Litvintseva, N.A. Chow); Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA (H.R. Vikram)

Main Article

Figure 4

Phylogenetic analysis of concatenated metagenomic next-generation sequencing reads from US patients from a fungal meningitis outbreak associated with surgical procedures in Mexico, 2023. A) Phylogenetic trees showing clustering of strains from patients P1–P5 (pink shaded region) within a subclade that also includes fungal genomes unrelated to the outbreak (dotted rectangle). B–E) Phylogenetic trees of individual patients exhibiting similar topologies: B) P1; C) P2; D) P3; E) P4. Each patient is positioned in a cluster containing the same reference genomes, including the 2 outbreak genomes recovered from patients P1 and P5. Outbreak reads were mapped to corresponding regions from Fusarium solani reference genomes by using metaMELT (metagenomic multiple extended locus typing, a novel analytic technique for simultaneously diagnosing the infection and characterizing the interrelatedness of F. solani strains). Scale bars indicate nucleotide substitutions per site. P1–P5, patients 1­–5.

Figure 4. Phylogenetic analysis of concatenated metagenomic next-generation sequencing reads from US patients from a fungal meningitis outbreak associated with surgical procedures in Mexico, 2023. A) Phylogenetic trees showing clustering of strains from patients P1–P5 (pink shaded region) within a subclade that also includes fungal genomes unrelated to the outbreak (dotted rectangle). B–E) Phylogenetic trees of individual patients exhibiting similar topologies: B) P1; C) P2; D) P3; E) P4. Each patient is positioned in a cluster containing the same reference genomes, including the 2 outbreak genomes recovered from patients P1 and P5. Outbreak reads were mapped to corresponding regions from Fusarium solani reference genomes by using metaMELT (metagenomic multiple extended locus typing, a novel analytic technique for simultaneously diagnosing the infection and characterizing the interrelatedness of F. solani strains). Scale bars indicate nucleotide substitutions per site. P1–P5, patients 1­–5.

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Page created: March 21, 2025
Page updated: April 03, 2025
Page reviewed: April 03, 2025
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