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Genomic Surveillance of Climate-Amplified Cholera Outbreak, Malawi, 2022–2023
Lucious Chabuka
1, Wonderful T. Choga
1, Carla N. Mavian
1
, Monika Moir
1, Christian Morgenstern
1, Houriiyah Tegaly, Abhinav Sharma, Eduan Wilkinson, Yeshnee Naidoo, Rhys Inward, Samir Bhatt, G.R. WilliamWint, Kamran Khan, Isaac I. Bogoch, Moritz U.G. Kraemer, José Lourenço, Cheryl Baxter, Massimiliano Tagliamonte, Marco Salemi, Richard J. Lessells, Collins Mitambo, Ronald Chitatanga, Joseph Bitilinyu-Bango, Mabvuto Chiwaula, Yollamu Chavula, Mphatso Bukhu, Happy Manda, Moses Chitenje, Innocent Malolo, Alex Mwanyongo, Bernard Mvula, Mirrium Nyenje, Tulio de Oliveira, and Mathew Kagoli
Author affiliation: Centre for Epidemic Control and Innovation, School of Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa (L. Chabuka, W.T. Choga, M. Moir, H. Tegally, E. Wilkinson, Y. Naidoo, C. Baxter, T. de Oliveira); Public Health Institute of Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi (L. Chabuka, C. Mitambo, R. Chitatanga, J. Bitilinyu- Bango, M. Chiwaula, Y. Chavula, M. Bukhu, H. Manda, M. Chitenje, I. Malolo, A. Mwanyongo, B. Mvula, M. Nyenje, M. Kagoli); University of Florida Emerging Pathogens Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA (C.N. Mavian, M. Tagliamonte, M. Salemi); Imperial College London, London, UK (C. Morgenstern, S. Bhatt); South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Cape Town, South Africa (A. Sharma); University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (R. Inward, G.R. WilliamWint, M.U.G. Kraemer); Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark (S. Bhatt); Environmental Research Group Oxford, Oxford (G.R. WilliamWint); BlueDot, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (K. Khan); University of Toronto, Toronto (K. Khan, I.I. Bogoch); Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (M.U.G. Kraemer); Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute at University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (J. Lourenço); Kwazulu-Natal Research and Innovation Sequencing Platform, Durban, South Africa (R.J. Lessells, T. de Oliveira)
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Figure 1

Figure 1. Cumulative case counts and deaths from cholera in Malawi by year, 1998–2023. Outbreaks occurred in 1998–1999, 2001–2002, 2008–2009, and 2022–2023. Scales for the y-axes differ substantially to underscore patterns but do not permit direct comparisons.
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