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Disclaimer: Early release articles are not considered as final versions. Any changes will be reflected in the online version in the month the article is officially released.

Volume 32, Number 10—October 2026

Research

Isothermal Detection of Influenza D Virus using Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification

Carlos Abelardo dos Santos, Jialu Li, Pauline M. van Diemen, Andrew McMahon, Benjamin C. Mollett, Andrew M. Ramsay, Meshach M. Maina, Joe James, Helen E. Everett, Janet M. Daly, and Nicole C. RobbComments to Author 
Author affiliation: Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK (C.A. dos Santos, J. Li, N.C. Robb); Animal and Plant Health Agency Weybridge, Addlestone, UK (P.M. van Diemen, B.C. Mollett, A.M. Ramsay, J. James, H.E. Everett); School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry (A. McMahon); One Virology, Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK (M.M. Maina, J.M. Daly)

Main Article

Table

Comparison between qRT-PCR and RT-LAMP results for animal RNA samples in study of isothermal detection of influenza D virus using RT-LAMP*

Sample IDV RT-LAMP IDV qRT-PCR IAV qRT-PCR
1 Negative Negative Negative
2 Negative Negative Positive, Cq 36.45
3 Negative Negative Negative
4 Negative Negative Negative
5 Negative Negative Negative
6 Negative Negative Negative
7 Negative Negative Negative
8 Negative Negative Positive, Cq 39.24
9 Negative Negative Negative
10 Negative Negative Negative
11 Negative Negative Negative
12 Negative Negative Negative
13 Negative Negative Negative
14 Negative Negative Positive, Cq 32.19
15 Negative Negative Negative
16 Positive Positive, Cq 22.29 Negative
17 Negative Negative Negative
18 Negative Negative Negative
19 Negative Negative Negative
20 Negative Negative Positive, Cq 27.88
21 Negative Negative Negative
22 Negative Negative Negative
23 Negative Negative Negative
24 Negative Positive, Cq 37.09 Negative
25 Negative Negative Negative
26 Negative Negative Negative
27 Negative Negative Negative
28 Negative Negative Negative
29 Negative Negative Negative
30 Negative Negative Negative
31 Negative Negative Negative
32 Negative Negative Negative
33 Negative Negative Negative
34 Negative Negative Negative
35 Positive Positive, Cq 14.84 Negative
36 Negative Negative Negative
37 Negative Negative Negative
38 Positive Positive, Cq 21.81 Negative
39 Negative Negative Negative
40 Negative† Negative Negative
41 Negative Negative Negative
42 Negative Negative Negative
43 Negative Negative Negative
44 Negative Negative Negative
45 Negative Negative Negative
46 Negative Negative Negative

*Cq, cycle quantification; IAV, influenza A virus; IDV, influenza D virus; qRT-PCR, quantitative reverse transcription PCR; RT-LAMP, reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification. †Sample number 40 showed a change in color in 1 replicate that did not fully convert into yellow, but for statistical calculations it was considered a false positive.

Main Article

Page created: August 13, 2026
Page updated: September 21, 2026
Page reviewed: September 21, 2026
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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