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Volume 32, Number 5—May 2026

Dispatch

Severe Respiratory Illness and Death Associated with Outbreak of Human Rhinovirus B14 among Older Adults, France, 2024

Julien Andreani, Céline Boschi, Anne Decoppet, Jeremy Delerce, Gwilherm Penant, Aylin Karadeniz, Clio Grimaldier, Priscilla Jardot, Laure Zangoli, Maud Mandy, Nicole Vigroux, Florent Polesso, Sophie Edouard, Philippe Cano, Jean-Christophe Lagier, Bernard La ScolaComments to Author , and Philippe ColsonComments to Author 
Author affiliation: Institut hospitalo-universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France (J. Andreani, C. Boschi, J. Delerce, G. Penant, A. Karadeniz, C. Grimaldier, P. Jardot, S. Edouard, J.-C. Lagier, B. La Scola, P. Colson); Aix-Marseille University, Marseille (J. Andreani, C. Boschi, J. Delerce, S. Edouard, J.-C. Lagier, B. La Scola, P. Colson); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille (J. Andreani, C. Boschi, G. Penant, A. Karadeniz, C. Grimaldier, P. Jardot, J.-C. Lagier, B. La Scola, P. Colson); Agence Régionale de la Santé Provence-Alpes Côte d’Azur, Marseille (A. Decoppet, P. Cano); Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Brignoles–Le Luc, Brignoles, France (L. Zangoli, M. Mandy, F. Polesso); Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Eurofins, Garéoult, France (N. Vigroux)

Main Article

Figure 2

Phylogenetic tree of HRV-B14 from outbreak of severe respiratory illness and death among older adults, France, 2024. Tree includes HRV genomes downloaded from GenBank; accession numbers are indicated. Red font indicates genomes obtained in this study; blue background indicates HRV-B14 genomes. Asterisk (*) indicates that the genome is fragmented (multiple GenBank accession numbers available). Genome alignment was performed by using MUSCLE (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/msa/muscle) with standard parameters for nucleotide sequences. Tree was built by using IQ-TREE (http://www.iqtree.org) with the transitional model 2 plus empirical base frequencies plus proportion of invariable site plus gamma-distributed rate variation with 4 categories model identified as the most suitable by the best-fit model research module according to the Bayesian information criterion. A total of 10,000 ultra-fast bootstrap replicates were performed. Scale bar indicates nucleotide substitutions per site. HRV, human rhinovirus.

Figure 2. Phylogenetic tree of HRV-B14 from outbreak of severe respiratory illness and death among older adults, France, 2024. Tree includes HRV genomes downloaded from GenBank; accession numbers are indicated. Red font indicates genomes obtained in this study; blue background indicates HRV-B14 genomes. Asterisk (*) indicates that the genome is fragmented (multiple GenBank accession numbers available). Genome alignment was performed by using MUSCLE (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/msa/muscle) with standard parameters for nucleotide sequences. Tree was built by using IQ-TREE (http://www.iqtree.org) with the transitional model 2 plus empirical base frequencies plus proportion of invariable site plus gamma-distributed rate variation with 4 categories model identified as the most suitable by the best-fit model research module according to the Bayesian information criterion. A total of 10,000 ultra-fast bootstrap replicates were performed. Scale bar indicates nucleotide substitutions per site. HRV, human rhinovirus.

Main Article

Page created: March 19, 2026
Page updated: May 01, 2026
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