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Disclaimer: Early release articles are not considered as final versions. Any changes will be reflected in the online version in the month the article is officially released.

Volume 32, Number 5—May 2026

Dispatch

Tropism and Replication Competence of Cattle Influenza A(H5N1) Genotype B3.13 Virus in Human Bronchus and Lung Tissue

Kenrie P.Y. Hui, John C.W. Ho, Ka-Chun Ng, Richard J. Webby, Malik Peiris, John M. Nicholls, and Michael C.W. ChanComments to Author 
Author affiliation: Centre for Immunology & Infection, Hong Kong, China (K.P.Y. Hui, J.C.W. Ho, M. Peiris, M.C.W. Chan); School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (K.P.Y. Hui, K.-C. Ng, M. Peiris, M.C.W. Chan); St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA (R.J. Webby); School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (J.M. Nicholls)

Main Article

Figure 3

Cytokine and chemokine mRNA expressions in a study of tropism and replication competence of cattle influenza A(H5N1) genotype B3.13 virus in human lung tissue. A) Matrix gene; B) INFA1; C) INFB1; D) CXCL10; E) ISG15; F) CCL2; G) IFIH1; H) CCL5; I) RIGI; J) TNF. Expressions measured at 48 hours postinfection. Data were pooled from >3 independent experiments. Bars indicate mean, whiskers indicate SD. Statistical significance was calculated by using 1-way analysis of variance with Tukey’s post-hoc test. Statistical significance is in comparison with mock. ACTB, beta-actin; CCL, C-C motif chemokine ligand; CXCL, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand; IFIH, interferon induced with helicase C domain; INFA, interferon alpha; INFB, interferon beta; ISG, interferon-stimulated gene; RIGI, retinoic acid–inducible gene; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.

Figure 3. Cytokine and chemokine mRNA expressions in a study of tropism and replication competence of cattle influenza A(H5N1) genotype B3.13 virus in human lung tissue. A) Matrix gene; B) INFA1; C) INFB1; D) CXCL10; E) ISG15; F) CCL2; G) IFIH1; H) CCL5; I) RIGI; J) TNF. Expressions measured at 48 hours postinfection. Data were pooled from >3 independent experiments. Bars indicate mean, whiskers indicate SD. Statistical significance was calculated by using 1-way analysis of variance with Tukey’s post-hoc test. Statistical significance is in comparison with mock. ACTB, beta-actin; CCL, C-C motif chemokine ligand; CXCL, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand; IFIH, interferon induced with helicase C domain; INFA, interferon alpha; INFB, interferon beta; ISG, interferon-stimulated gene; RIGI, retinoic acid–inducible gene; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.

Main Article

Page created: March 24, 2026
Page updated: April 01, 2026
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