Volume 12, Number 9—September 2006
Research
Genomic Signatures of Human versus Avian Influenza A Viruses
Guang-Wu Chen*1, Shih-Cheng Chang*1, Chee-Keng Mok*, Yu-Luan Lo*, Yu-Nong Kung*, Ji-Hung Huang*, Yun-Han Shih*, Ji-Yi Wang*, Chiayn Chiang*, Chi-Jene Chen*, and Shin-Ru Shih*
Table 3
Twenty-one avian influenza A viral genomes isolated from humans and their mutations found at 12 host-associated positions within each strain*
| Strain | Subtype | PB2 |
PB1-F2 |
PA |
M2 |
NS2 |
Mutations | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 199 | 271 | 627 | 73 | 79 | 82 | 409 | 20 | 70 | |||
| A/Hong Kong/156/1997 | H5N1 | S | T | E | K | R | L | N | S | S | 2 |
| A/Hong Kong/481/1997 | H5N1 | A | T | E | K | R | L | N | S | S | 1 |
| A/Hong Kong/482/1997 | H5N1 | S | T | E | K | R | L | N | S | S | 2 |
| A/Hong Kong/483/1997 | H5N1 | A | T | K | K | R | L | S | S | S | 1 |
| A/Hong Kong/485/1997 | H5N1 | A | T | K | # | # | # | S | S | S | 1 |
| A/Hong Kong/486/1997 | H5N1 | S | T | E | K | R | L | N | S | S | 2 |
| A/Hong Kong/532/1997 | H5N1 | A | T | E | K | R | L | N | S | S | 1 |
| A/Hong Kong/538/1997 | H5N1 | S | T | E | K | R | L | N | S | S | 2 |
| A/Hong Kong/542/1997 | H5N1 | A | T | E | K | R | L | N | S | S | 1 |
| A/Hong Kong/1997/1998 | H5N1 | S | T | E | K | R | L | S | S | S | 1 |
| A/Hong Kong/212/2003 | H5N1 | A | T | E | R | R | L | S | S | S | 1 |
| A/Hong Kong/213/2003 | H5N1 | A | T | E | R | R | L | S | S | S | 1 |
| A/Thailand/16/2004 | H5N1 | A | T | K | K | Q | L | S | S | S | 2 |
| A/Thailand/SP83/2004 | H5N1 | A | T | E | K | Q | L | S | S | S | 1 |
| A/Vietnam/1194/2004 | H5N1 | A | T | K | K | R | L | S | S | S | 1 |
| A/Vietnam/1203/2004 | H5N1 | A | T | K | K | R | L | S | S | S | 1 |
| A/Vietnam/3062/2004 | H5N1 | A | T | K | K | R | L | S | S | S | 1 |
| A/Netherlands/219/2003 | H7N7 | A | T | K | K | R | S | S | N | S | 3 |
| A/Guangzhou/333/1999 | H9N2 | A | A | E | # | # | # | S | S | G | 2 |
| A/Hong Kong/1073/1999 | H9N2 | A | T | E | K | R | L | S | R | S | 0 |
| A/Hong Kong/1074/1999 | H9N2 | A | T | E | K | R | L | S | S | S | 0 |
*#indicates strains with PB1 RNA encoded into a truncated form of PB1-F2 of only 57 amino acids long. Boldface letters represent mutated (human-specific) residues; Roman (nonbold) letters are used for regular avian residue. Note that at position 20 of M2, A/Hong Kong/1073/99 had its residue changed from S to R, where R is still considered a mutation within avian species.
1These authors contributed equally to this article.
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