Volume 18, Number 12—December 2012
Research
Transmission Routes for Nipah Virus from Malaysia and Bangladesh
Table 2
Viral RNA and virus isolation results from ferrets experimentally infected with Nipah virus, Bangladesh strain*
|
Ferret no., sample
|
Virus in shedding samples and blood over time, RNA/virus isolation†
|
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Dpi 1
|
Dpi 2
|
Dpi 3
|
Dpi 4
|
Dpi 5
|
Dpi 6
|
Dpi 7
|
Dpi 8
|
Dpi 9
|
Dpi 10
|
|
| B1 | ||||||||||
|
NW |
– | Indet | +/−‡ | +/+ | ||||||
|
OS |
– | – | –‡ | +/− | ||||||
|
RS |
– | Indet | –‡ | +/− | ||||||
|
Blood |
–
|
|
+/‡
|
|
–‡
|
|
+/§
|
|
|
|
| B2 | ||||||||||
|
NW |
– | +/− | +/− | +/+ | ||||||
|
OS |
– | – | +/− | +/− | ||||||
|
RS |
– | – | – | +/− | ||||||
|
Blood |
–
|
|
–
|
|
+/+
|
|
+/§
|
|
|
|
| B3 | ||||||||||
|
NW |
– | +/− | –‡ | +/− | ||||||
|
OS |
– | – | –‡ | +/− | ||||||
|
RS |
– | – | –‡ | +/+ | ||||||
|
Blood |
–
|
|
Indet
|
|
–‡
|
|
+/§
|
|
|
|
| B4 | ||||||||||
|
NW |
– | +/− | +/− | +/+‡ | ||||||
|
OS |
– | – | +/− | +/−‡ | ||||||
|
RS |
– | – | – | –‡ | ||||||
|
Blood |
–
|
|
–
|
|
–
|
|
+/§
|
|
|
|
| B5 | ||||||||||
|
NW |
– | +/− | +/+ | +/+ | ||||||
|
OS |
– | +/+ | +/− | +/+ | ||||||
|
RS |
Indet | – | – | +/− | ||||||
|
Blood |
|
Indet
|
|
–
|
|
+/+
|
|
+/+
|
|
|
| B6 | ||||||||||
|
NW |
– | – | +/−‡ | NS | +/+ | |||||
|
OS |
– | – | +/+‡ | NS | +/− | |||||
|
RS |
– | – | –‡ | NS | +/− | |||||
|
Blood |
|
–
|
|
–
|
|
+/+‡
|
|
NS
|
+/−
|
|
| B7 | ||||||||||
|
NW |
– | +/− | +/+ | +/+‡ | ||||||
|
OS |
– | +/+ | +/+ | +/−‡ | ||||||
|
RS |
– | – | – | +/+‡ | ||||||
|
Blood |
|
+/+
|
|
–
|
|
+/−
|
|
+/+‡
|
|
|
| B8 | ||||||||||
|
NW |
– | – | –‡ | +/+ | ||||||
|
OS |
– | – | +/−‡ | +/− | ||||||
|
RS |
– | – | –‡ | +/+ | ||||||
|
Blood |
– | – | +/+‡ | +/+ | ||||||
*Dpi, days postinfection; NW, nasal wash; –, Nipah virus not detected by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) for N gene; therefore, virus isolation was not attempted for this sample; empty cells represent days on which sampling was not scheduled for that animal; Indet, mean cycle threshold value >39.1 (the defined cutoff value for positive samples); +/−, virus detected by RT-PCR but negative by virus isolation; +/+, sample positive by RT-PCR and virus isolation; OS, oral sample; RS, rectal sample; NS, not sampled.
†RNA detection by RT-PCR.
‡Pyrexia first detected.
§Virus isolation not attempted for this sample.