Volume 20, Number 9—September 2014
Research
Distance from Construction Site and Risk for Coccidioidomycosis, Arizona, USA
Table 1
Characteristics of participants, at enrollment and 1 year later, in a study of distance from a construction site as a risk factor for coccidioidomycosis, Arizona, USA, 2012–2013*
Characteristic | At enrollment, N = 316 |
At 1-year follow-up, N = 210 |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Campus A† | Campus B† | p value | Campus A† | Campus B† | p value | ||
Sex | 0.03‡ | ||||||
M | 28/176 (15.9) | 20/140 (14.3) | 0.69‡ | 22/120 (18.3) | 7/90 (7.8) | ||
F |
148/176 (84.1) |
120/140 (85.7) |
98/120 (81.7) |
83/90 (92.2) |
|||
Median age, y (range) |
47 (21–75) |
53 (18–76) |
0.04§ |
49 (23–72) |
53 (25–76) |
0.04§ |
|
Race | 0.75‡ | ||||||
White | 144/176 (81.8) | 119/140 (85.0) | 0.66‡ | 101/120 (84.2) | 75/89 (84.3) | ||
Hispanic | 13/176 (7.4) | 10/140 (7.1) | 7/120 (5.8) | 7/89 (7.9) | |||
Other |
19/176 (10.8) |
11/140 (7.9) |
12/120 (10.0) |
7/89 (7.9) |
|||
Indoor work location |
168/176 (95.5) |
137/140 (97.9) |
0.35‡ |
117/119 (98.3) |
89/90 (98.9) |
0.67‡ |
|
Work near a construction site |
77/168 (45.8) |
2/140 (1.4) |
<0.001‡ |
86/114 (75.4) |
4/89 (4.5) |
<0.001‡ |
|
Live near a construction site |
18/170 (10.6) |
6/135 (4.4) |
0.048‡ |
17/120 (14.2) |
8/88 (9.1) |
0.27‡ |
|
New home construction, remodeling, landscaping in home or neighborhood since enrollment¶ |
NA |
NA |
NA |
28/116 (24.1) |
19/88 (21.6) |
0.67‡ |
|
Regular weekly participation in outdoor activities# | |||||||
Running | 26/176 (14.8) | 23/140 (16.4) | 0.69‡ | 18/120 (15.0) | 9/90 (10.0) | 0.28‡ | |
Hiking | 52/176 (29.5) | 39/140 (27.9) | 0.74‡ | 34/120 (28.3) | 20/90 (22.2) | 0.32‡ | |
Walking | 107/176 (60.8) | 110/140 (78.6) | 0.007‡ | 72/120 (60.0) | 71/90 (78.9) | 0.004‡ | |
Yard work |
53/176 (30.1) |
53/140 (37.9) |
0.15‡ |
37/120 (30.8) |
33/90 (36.7) |
0.37‡ |
|
Received diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis during study period |
NA |
NA |
NA |
1/117 (0.9) |
0 |
>0.99** |
|
Initiated antifungal therapy after enrollment | NA | NA | NA | 1/120 (0.9) | 1/90 (1.1) | >0.99** |
*Campus A was adjacent to and campus B was 13 miles away from the construction site, which required extensive excavation of soil inhabited by Coccidioides fungi. NA, not available.
†Values are no. with characteristic/no. total (%), except as noted for age.
‡By χ2 test.
§By Wilcoxon rank sum test.
¶Work that took place within the past year.
#Other activities that were evaluated but did not differ significantly between campuses were jogging, gardening, landscaping, golfing, playing team sports, swimming, and biking.
**By Fisher exact test.
1Preliminary findings from this study were presented at the 57th Annual Meeting of the Coccidioidomycosis Study Group, Pasadena, California, USA, April 6, 2013.