Dogs as Reservoirs for Leishmania donovani, Bihar, India, 2018–2022
Anurag Kumar Kushwaha
1, Ashish Shukla
1, Breanna M. Scorza, Rahul Chaubey, Dharmendra Kumar Maurya, Tulika Kumari Rai, Shyamali Yaduvanshi, Shweta Srivastava, Gaetano Oliva, Epke A. Le Rutte, Rajiv Kumar, Om Prakash Singh, Puja Tiwary, Shakti Kumar Singh, Scott A. Bernhardt, Phillip Lawyer, Edgar Rowton, Christine A. Petersen
1 , and Shyam Sundar
1
Author affiliation: Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India (A.K. Kushwaha, A. Shukla, D.K. Maurya, T.K. Rai, S. Yaduvanshi, S. Srivastava, R. Kumar, O.P. Singh, P. Tiwary); University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA (B.M. Scorza, C.A. Petersen); Kala-Azar Medical Research Center, Muzaffarpur, India (R. Chaubey, S. Sundar); University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (G. Oliva), Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland (E.A. Le Rutte); National Museum of Natural History, New Delhi, India (S.K. Singh); Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA (S.A. Bernhardt); Walter Reed Army Institute for Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA (P. Lawyer, E. Rowton)
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Figure 1
Figure 1. Locations of study villages and 5-year incidence of VL in a study of dogs as reservoirs for Leishmania donovani, Bihar, India, 2018–2022. A) Map of India showing Bihar; B) Bihar detail showing Muzaffarpur district study area; C) detail of sampling locations and VL cases, Muzaffarpur district. Geographic information system locations of study sampling sites calculated from a latitude-longitude application. Map produced using QGIS software version 3.30.3 (https://qgis.org) with open-access shapefile (https://onlinemaps.surveyofindia.gov.in). KAMRC, Kala-Azar Medical Research Center.
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