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Volume 30, Number 12—December 2024
Research

Dogs as Reservoirs for Leishmania donovani, Bihar, India, 2018–2022

Anurag Kumar Kushwaha1, Ashish Shukla1, Breanna M. Scorza, Rahul Chaubey, Dharmendra Kumar Maurya, Tulika Kumari Rai, Shyamali Yaduvanshi, Shweta Srivastava, Gaetano Oliva, Epke A. Le Rutte, Rajiv Kumar, Om Prakash Singh, Puja Tiwary, Shakti Kumar Singh, Scott A. Bernhardt, Phillip Lawyer, Edgar Rowton, Christine A. Petersen1Comments to Author , and Shyam Sundar1
Author affiliation: Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India (A.K. Kushwaha, A. Shukla, D.K. Maurya, T.K. Rai, S. Yaduvanshi, S. Srivastava, R. Kumar, O.P. Singh, P. Tiwary); University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA (B.M. Scorza, C.A. Petersen); Kala-Azar Medical Research Center, Muzaffarpur, India (R. Chaubey, S. Sundar); University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (G. Oliva), Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland (E.A. Le Rutte); National Museum of Natural History, New Delhi, India (S.K. Singh); Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA (S.A. Bernhardt); Walter Reed Army Institute for Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA (P. Lawyer, E. Rowton)

Main Article

Figure 5

Results of xenodiagnoses in a study of dogs as reservoirs for Leishmania donovani, Bihar, India, 2018–2022. Plots show dogs infect more sand flies in winter and transmit more parasites per sand fly during the rainy season. A) Number of positive sand flies; B) parasite load in xenodiagnosis-positive sand flies; C) percent positive sand flies fed on dogs; D) average parasite burden of fed sand flies; E) evaluation of infectiousness of dogs to sand flies by clinical classification and seasonal variation. Lower lever of whiskers indicate mean, upper level indicates standard deviation. Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s post-test used to calculate statistical significance between groups (shown above diamond bars). CanL, canine leishmaniosis; CL, CanL clinical signs; SC, subclinical (i.e., healthy) dogs; SF, sand fly.

Figure 5. Results of xenodiagnoses in a study of dogs as reservoirs for Leishmania donovani, Bihar, India, 2018–2022. Plots show dogs infect more sand flies in winter and transmit more parasites per sand fly during the rainy season. A) Number of positive sand flies; B) parasite load in xenodiagnosis-positive sand flies; C) percent positive sand flies fed on dogs; D) average parasite burden of fed sand flies; E) evaluation of infectiousness of dogs to sand flies by clinical classification and seasonal variation. Lower lever of whiskers indicate mean, upper level indicates standard deviation. Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s post-test used to calculate statistical significance between groups (shown above diamond bars). CanL, canine leishmaniosis; CL, CanL clinical signs; SC, subclinical (i.e., healthy) dogs; SF, sand fly.

Main Article

1These authors contributed equally to this article.

Page created: October 30, 2024
Page updated: November 26, 2024
Page reviewed: November 26, 2024
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