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Volume 30, Number 12—December 2024
Research

Dogs as Reservoirs for Leishmania donovani, Bihar, India, 2018–2022

Anurag Kumar Kushwaha1, Ashish Shukla1, Breanna M. Scorza, Rahul Chaubey, Dharmendra Kumar Maurya, Tulika Kumari Rai, Shyamali Yaduvanshi, Shweta Srivastava, Gaetano Oliva, Epke A. Le Rutte, Rajiv Kumar, Om Prakash Singh, Puja Tiwary, Shakti Kumar Singh, Scott A. Bernhardt, Phillip Lawyer, Edgar Rowton, Christine A. Petersen1Comments to Author , and Shyam Sundar1
Author affiliation: Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India (A.K. Kushwaha, A. Shukla, D.K. Maurya, T.K. Rai, S. Yaduvanshi, S. Srivastava, R. Kumar, O.P. Singh, P. Tiwary); University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA (B.M. Scorza, C.A. Petersen); Kala-Azar Medical Research Center, Muzaffarpur, India (R. Chaubey, S. Sundar); University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (G. Oliva), Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland (E.A. Le Rutte); National Museum of Natural History, New Delhi, India (S.K. Singh); Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA (S.A. Bernhardt); Walter Reed Army Institute for Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA (P. Lawyer, E. Rowton)

Main Article

Figure 4

Plot of parasite load in sand flies in a study of dogs as reservoirs for Leishmania donovani, Bihar, India, 2018–2022. Plots show higher transmission and parasite load in sand flies fed on dogs with signs consistent with CanL in the Muzaffarpur district. A) Number of parasite DNA–positive sand flies obtained from each dog undergoing xenodiagnosis by qPCR. B) Parasite load calculated within individual L. donovani qPCR-positive sand flies. C) Percent positive sand flies out of total number of sand flies fed per dog. D) Average parasite burden of blood-fed sand flies per canine subject. Data for healthy, subclinical dogs depicted with white dots. Data for dogs with CanL clinical signs depicted with black dots. Lower lever of whiskers indicate mean, upper level indicates standard deviation. Statistical results by Mann-Whitney test shown above diamond bars. CanL, canine leishmaniosis; CL, CanL clinical signs; SC, subclinical (i.e., healthy) dogs; SF, sand fly.

Figure 4. Plot of parasite load in sand flies in a study of dogs as reservoirs for Leishmania donovani, Bihar, India, 2018–2022. Plots show higher transmission and parasite load in sand flies fed on dogs with signs consistent with CanL in the Muzaffarpur district. A) Number of parasite DNA–positive sand flies obtained from each dog undergoing xenodiagnosis by qPCR. B) Parasite load calculated within individual L. donovani qPCR-positive sand flies. C) Percent positive sand flies out of total number of sand flies fed per dog. D) Average parasite burden of blood-fed sand flies per canine subject. Data for healthy, subclinical dogs depicted with white dots. Data for dogs with CanL clinical signs depicted with black dots. Lower lever of whiskers indicate mean, upper level indicates standard deviation. Statistical results by Mann-Whitney test shown above diamond bars. CanL, canine leishmaniosis; CL, CanL clinical signs; SC, subclinical (i.e., healthy) dogs; SF, sand fly.

Main Article

1These authors contributed equally to this article.

Page created: October 30, 2024
Page updated: November 26, 2024
Page reviewed: November 26, 2024
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