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Volume 30, Number 7—July 2024
Research

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus Infection in Domestic Dairy Cattle and Cats, United States, 2024

Eric R. BurroughComments to Author , Drew R. Magstadt, Barbara Petersen, Simon J. Timmermans, Phillip C. Gauger, Jianqiang Zhang, Chris Siepker, Marta Mainenti, Ganwu Li, Alexis C. Thompson, Patrick J. Gorden, Paul J. Plummer, and Rodger Main
Author affiliations: Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa, USA (E.R. Burrough, D.R. Magstadt, P.C. Gauger, J. Zhang, C. Siepker, M. Mainenti, G. Li, P.J. Gorden, P.J. Plummer, R. Main); Sunrise Veterinary Service PLLC, Amarillo, Texas, USA (B. Petersen); Veterinary Research & Consulting Services LLC, Hays, Kansas, USA (S.J. Timmermans); Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College Station, Texas, USA (A.C. Thompson)

Main Article

Table 3

PCR results from various specimens in study of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b virus infection in domestic dairy cattle and cats, United States, 2024*

Case no. Animal State IAV PCR test Ct values for IAV PCR
Milk Mammary gland Brain Lung Spleen Lymph node Ocular fluid Rumen contents
1
 Cow 1
 Texas
 IAV screen NA
 16.2 NA
 ≥40 NA
 NA
 NA
 NA
H5 subtype 17.9 NA
H5 2.3.4.4
 17.8
 NA
1
 Cow 2
 Texas
 IAV screen NA
 NA
 NA
 32.6 NA
 NA
 NA
 NA
H5 subtype 36.0
H5 2.3.4.4
 34.8
2
 Cow 1
 Texas
 IAV screen 12.3 NA
 NA
 NA
 NA
 NA
 NA
 NA
H5 subtype 18.8
H5 2.3.4.4
 14.7
2
 Cow 2
 Texas
 IAV screen 13.1 NA
 NA
 NA
 NA
 NA
 NA
 NA
H5 subtype 17.6
H5 2.3.4.4
 15.1
3
 Cow 1
 Kansas
 IAV screen 15.2 NA
 NA
 ≥40 ≥40 ≥40 29.0 31.0
H5 subtype 19.5 NA NA NA 31.2 32.7
H5 2.3.4.4
 17.1
 NA
 NA
 NA
 30.9
 32.2
3
 Cow 2
 Kansas
 IAV screen NA
 NA
 NA
 ≥40 ≥40 NA
 ≥40 ≥40
H5 subtype NA NA NA NA
H5 2.3.4.4
 NA
 NA
 NA
 NA
4
 Cow 1
 Kansas
 IAV screen 16.9 NA
 NA
 33.0 ≥40 31.2 ≥40 29.4
H5 subtype 23.1 ≥40 NA 38.0 NA 32.4
H5 2.3.4.4
 20.0
 ≥40
 NA
 33.9
 NA
 31.1
5
 Cow 1
 Kansas
 IAV screen ≥40 NA
 NA
 34.1 29.8 NA
 NA
 NA
H5 subtype NA 37.8 36.1
H5 2.3.4.4
 NA
 37.3
 33.9
6
 Cat 1
 Texas
 IAV screen NA
 NA
 9.9 17.4 NA
 NA
 NA
 NA
H5 subtype 10.7 16.5
H5 2.3.4.4
 11.9
 18.0
6 Cat 2 Texas IAV screen NA NA 13.5 24.4 NA NA NA NA
H5 subtype 14.0 23.8
H5 2.3.4.4 15.2 24.8

*Ct values were obtained by using real-time reverse transcription PCR tests for influenza A viruses, the H5 subtype, and H5 clade 2.3.4.4 viruses. Ct, cycle threshold; H5, hemagglutinin 5; IAV, influenza A virus; NA, not available.

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Page created: April 29, 2024
Page updated: June 22, 2024
Page reviewed: June 22, 2024
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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