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Volume 31, Supplement—May 2025
SUPPLEMENT ISSUE
Supplement
16S Ribosomal RNA Gene PCR and Sequencing for Pediatric Infection Diagnosis, United States, 2020–2023
Guyu Li
, Christopher A. Reis, Rebecca M. Kruc, Ziyuan Zhang, Nicholas T. Streck, Elizabeth H. Ristagno, Jay Mandrekar, Matthew J. Wolf, James T. Gaensbauer, and Robin Patel
, Christopher A. Reis, Rebecca M. Kruc, Ziyuan Zhang, Nicholas T. Streck, Elizabeth H. Ristagno, Jay Mandrekar, Matthew J. Wolf, James T. Gaensbauer, and Robin Patel
Table 2
Specimen characteristics from study of 16S ribosomal RNA gene PCR and sequencing for pediatric infection diagnosis, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA, 2020–2023*
| Specimen characteristics | Positive 16S rRNA PCR and sequencing, n = 33 | Negative 16S rRNA PCR and sequencing, n = 129 | OR (95% CI) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Turnaround time, d, mean ± SD | 8.0 ± 4.8 | 3.0 ± 3.7 | NA | <0.0001 |
| Received antimicrobial drugs within 24 h | 28 (85) | 56 (43) | 7.30 (2.65–20.11) | 0.001 |
| Specimen hold ordered before testing |
3 (9) |
14 (11) |
0.82 (0.22–3.04) |
1.000 |
| Specimen type | ||||
| Fluid | 24 (73) | 60 (47) | 3.07 (1.32–7.11) | 0.007 |
| Tissue |
9 (27) |
69 (54) |
0.33 (0.14–0.76) |
0.007 |
| Specimen source† | ||||
| Cerebrospinal fluid | 5 (15) | 33 (26) | NA | NA |
| Bone tissue | 4 (12) | 24 (19) | NA | NA |
| Deep soft tissue | 0 | 22 (17) | NA | NA |
| Synovial fluid | 9 (27) | 12 (9) | NA | NA |
| Pleural fluid | 5 (15) | 5 (4) | NA | NA |
| Synovial tissue | 2 (6) | 7 (5) | NA | NA |
| Lymph node | 0 | 5 (4) | NA | NA |
| Subdural fluid | 3 (9) | 1 (1) | NA | NA |
| Pericardial fluid | 0 | 4 (3) | NA | NA |
| Peri-implant tissue | 2 (6) | 2 (2) | NA | NA |
| Peritoneal fluid | 1 (3) | 2 (2) | NA | NA |
| Lung parenchyma | 0 | 3 (2) | NA | NA |
| Pacemaker pocket tissue | 0 | 3 (2) | NA | NA |
| Vitreous fluid | 1 (3) | 1 (1) | NA | NA |
| Brain tissue | 0 | 2 (2) | NA | NA |
| Ovarian fluid | 0 | 1 (1) | NA | NA |
| Heart valve tissue | 1 (3) | 0 | NA | NA |
| Spleen tissue | 0 | 1 (1) | NA | NA |
| Vascular tissue | 0 | 1 (1) | NA | NA |
*Values are no. (%) tests except as indicated. NA, not applicable; OR, odds ratio. †Statistical analysis was not performed because of the limited sample size.
Page created: April 11, 2025
Page updated: May 08, 2025
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