Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link

Disclaimer: Early release articles are not considered as final versions. Any changes will be reflected in the online version in the month the article is officially released.

Volume 31, Number 9—September 2025

Research

Drivers of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Natural Host and Effects of Control Measures, Bulgaria

Georgina LimonComments to Author , Simona R. Tchakarova, Anna Ludi, Tsviatko Alexandrov, Iva Christova, Petya Petkova, Emmanuel Maze, Kelly Thomas, Natalie Baker, Marion England, Clare Browning, Ginette Wilsden, Sandra Belij-Rammerstorfer, Teresa Lambe, Anna Jolles, Miles Carroll, Roger Hewson, Simon Gubbins, Bryan Charleston, and Nicholas A. Lyons
Author affiliation: The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, UK (G. Limon, A. Ludi, E. Maze, M. England, C. Browning, G. Wilsden, S. Gubbins, B. Charleston, N.A. Lyons); Bulgarian Food Safety Agency, Sofia, Bulgaria (S.R. Tchakarova, T. Alexandrov, P. Petkova); National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia (I. Christova); UK Health Security Agency Porton Down, Salisbury, UK (K. Thomas, N. Baker, R. Hewson); University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (S. Belij-Rammerstorfer, T. Lambe, M. Carroll); Pandemic Science Institute, Oxford (T. Lambe, M. Carroll); Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA (A. Jolles); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK (R. Hewson)

Main Article

Figure 3

Choropleth maps showing Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus exposure risks in study of virus drivers in natural host and effects of control measures, Bulgaria. Bayes smoothed rate (A) and Getis-Ord Gi* hotspots (B) of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus nucleoprotein Ig in sheep are indicated for municipalities in Burgas Province (southeastern part of the country) and Kardzhali Province (southern part of country). Data were collected during October 2017.

Figure 3. Choropleth maps showing Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus exposure risks in study of virus drivers in natural host and effects of control measures, Bulgaria. Bayes smoothed rate (A) and Getis-Ord Gi* hotspots (B) of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus nucleoprotein Ig in sheep are indicated for municipalities in Burgas Province (southeastern part of the country) and Kardzhali Province (southern part of country). Data were collected during October 2017.

Main Article

Page created: July 03, 2025
Page updated: August 05, 2025
Page reviewed: August 05, 2025
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external