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Volume 32, Number 11—November 2026

Research

Emergence of Novel Macrolide-Resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae Sequence Type 3 Subclades in Children after COVID-19 Pandemic, Taiwan

Yu-Chia Hsieh, Chen-Ching Lin, Jia-Wen Wu, Yi-Hsuan Liu, Yi-Jiun Pan, Tzu-Ya Lo, Shian-Sen Shie, Huey-Ling You, Chong-Wei Huang, Yi-Chuan Huang, Tzu-Ching Huang, Yu-Xin She, Yin-Cheng Chen1, and Shiao-Wen Li1Comments to Author 
Author affiliation: Chang Gung Children’s Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan (Y.-C. Hsieh, J.-W. Wu, Y.-H. Liu, T.-Y. Lo); School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-C. Lin, Y.-C. Chen); School of Medicine, College of Medicine, People’s Republic of China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (Y.-J. Pan); Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan (S.-S. Shie); Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (H.-L. You); Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan (C.-W. Huang, Y.-C. Huang); School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei (T.-C. Huang); College of Science Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung (Y.-X. She, S.-W. Li)

Main Article

Figure 3

Phylogenomic evolution of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in study of emergence of novel macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae ST3 subclades in children after COVID-19 pandemic, Taiwan, 2017–2024. A) Global phylogenetic tree showing evolutionary relationships among all sequenced strains. Nodes are colored by clade according to our previous study (12). Annotation bands indicate sequence type, data source, country, and sampling time. For 2024, isolates were grouped into quarterly intervals (January–March, April–June, July–September, and October–December) to provide greater temporal resolution during the outbreak. B) Phylogeny of ST3 strain. Nodes are colored by country, with annotation bands indicating monophyletic subclades (Mono), sampling time, ICU admission, and CNS complications. CNS, central nervous system; ICU, intensive care unit; ST, sequence type.

Figure 3. Phylogenomic evolution of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in study of emergence of novel macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae ST3 subclades in children after COVID-19 pandemic, Taiwan, 2017–2024. A) Global phylogenetic tree showing evolutionary relationships among all sequenced strains. Nodes are colored by clade according to our previous study (12). Annotation bands indicate sequence type, data source, country, and sampling time. For 2024, isolates were grouped into quarterly intervals (January–March, April–June, July–September, and October–December) to provide greater temporal resolution during the outbreak. B) Phylogeny of ST3 strain. Nodes are colored by country, with annotation bands indicating monophyletic subclades (Mono), sampling time, ICU admission, and CNS complications. CNS, central nervous system; ICU, intensive care unit; ST, sequence type.

Main Article

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1These senior authors contributed equally to this article.

Page created: September 05, 2026
Page updated: October 14, 2026
Page reviewed: October 14, 2026
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