Disclaimer: Early release articles are not considered as final versions. Any changes will be reflected in the online version in the month the article is officially released.
Volume 32, Number 6—June 2026
Research
Role of Households with Children in Community Spread of Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacterales, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
Barrett Breeze1, Ahmed Babiker1, Sreenivas Konda, Alaina L. Robinson, Stefan J. Green, Catherine C. Babbs, Federico Cunha, Katherine Y. Shen, India Shepherd Hammond, Stephanie A. Fritz, and Latania K. Logan
Table 1
Descriptive statistics by HHs with (cases) and without (controls) MDR Enterobacterales in study of role of HHs with children in community spread of multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales, St. Louis, Missouri, USA*
| Variable | Total HHs, n = 150 | Controls, n = 97 | Cases, n = 53 | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean HH size (SD) | 4.31 (1.34) | 4.29 (1.26) | 4.36 (1.48) | 1.04 (0.81–1.33) | 0.76 |
| HH members’ mean age, years (SD) | 20.86 (6.30) | 21.3(5.97) | 19.95(6.82) | 0.96 (0.91–1.02) | 0.19 |
| HH mean home size in square feet (SD) | 1,785 (1,021) | 1,953(1,027) | 1,481 (946) | 1.02 (1.01–1.03) | 0.01 |
| HH mean number of rooms (SD) | 9.85 (3.35) | 10.32 (3.58) | 9.00 (2.72) | 0.88 (0.78–0.98) | 0.02 |
| HH mean square feet per person (SD) |
441 (262) |
478 (259) |
374 (255) |
0.98 (0.97–0.99) |
0.02 |
| HH size >5 membership | |||||
| No | 130 (87) | 87 (90) | 43 (81) | ||
| Yes |
20 (13) |
10 (10) |
10 (19) |
2.02 (0.77–5.29) |
0.15 |
| HH homeownership | |||||
| No | 56 (37) | 30 (31) | 26 (49) | ||
| Yes |
94 (63) |
67 (69) |
27 (51) |
0.46 (0.23–0.92) |
0.03 |
| HHs with >1 health conditions | |||||
| No | 24 (16) | 14 (14) | 10 (19) | ||
| Yes |
126 (84) |
83 (86) |
43 (81) |
0.73 (0.30–1.81) |
0.48 |
| HHs with >1 ADHD member | |||||
| No | 94 (75) | 66 (80) | 28 (65) | ||
| Yes |
32 (25) |
17 (20) |
15 (35) |
2.08 (0.91–4.76) |
0.08 |
| HHs with >1 antimicrobial prescription within 12 mo | |||||
| No | 85 (57) | 49 (51) | 36 (68) | ||
| Yes |
65 (43) |
48 (49) |
17 (32) |
0.48 (0.24–0.96) |
0.04 |
| HHs with >1 emergency room visit within 12 mo | |||||
| No | 10 (6.7) | 7 (7.2) | 3 (5.7) | ||
| Yes |
140 (93) |
90 (93) |
50 (94) |
1.3 (0.34–6.22) |
0.72 |
| White households | |||||
| No | 40 (27) | 17 (18) | 23 (43) | ||
| Yes |
110 (73) |
80 (82) |
30 (57) |
0.28 (0.13–0.58) |
<0.01 |
| HHs with >1 college degree | |||||
| No | 86 (57) | 53 (55) | 33 (62) | ||
| Yes |
64 (43) |
44 (45) |
20 (38) |
0.73 (0.36–1.44) |
0.37 |
| HH with >1 professional degree | |||||
| No | 102 (68) | 62 (64) | 40 (75) | ||
| Yes |
48 (32) |
35 (36) |
13 (25) |
0.58 (0.26–1.20) |
0.15 |
| HHs with >1 private insurance member | |||||
| No | 35 (23) | 16 (16) | 19 (36) | ||
| Yes |
115 (77) |
81 (84) |
34 (64) |
0.35 (0.16–0.77) |
0.01 |
| HHs with >1 Medicaid recipient | |||||
| No | 104 (69) | 75 (77) | 29 (55) | ||
| Yes |
46 (31) |
22 (23) |
24 (45) |
2.82 (1.38–5.85) |
0.01 |
| HHs with >1 child attending daycare | |||||
| No | 44 (29) | 30 (31) | 14 (26) | ||
| Yes |
106 (71) |
67 (69) |
39 (74) |
1.25 (0.60–2.69) |
0.56 |
| HHs with >1 dog | |||||
| No | 74 (49) | 51 (53) | 23 (43) | ||
| Yes |
76 (51) |
46 (47) |
30 (57) |
1.45 (0.74–2.86) |
0.28 |
| HHs with >1 cat | |||||
| No | 125 (83) | 78 (80) | 47 (89) | ||
| Yes | 25 (17) | 19 (20) | 6 (11) | 0.52 (0.18–1.34) | 0.2 |
*Values are no. (%) except as indicated. HH, household; MDR, multidrug resistant.
1These first authors contributed equally to this article.
Page created: April 29, 2026
Page updated: May 20, 2026
Page reviewed: May 20, 2026
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.