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Volume 32, Number 7—July 2026
Research
Clinical Predictors of Fatal Outcomes from Human Leptospirosis, Thailand, 2015–2024
Umaporn Limothai, Nathan E. Stone, Sasipha Tachaboon, Janejira Dinhuzen, Jason W. Sahl, Theerapon Sukmark, Chayomon Dokpong, David M. Wagner, David A Haake, and Nattachai Srisawat
Table 1
Clinical outcomes of 459 hospitalized patients with confirmed leptospirosis, Thailand, 2015–2024*
| Outcome | No. (%) patients |
|---|---|
| ICU admission | 87 (19.3) |
| Mechanical ventilation | 54 (11.9) |
| Pulmonary hemorrhage | 48 (10.6) |
| Cardiovascular SOFA >3† | 84 (18.6) |
| Coagulation SOFA >3† | 113 (25.1) |
| Renal SOFA >3† | 75 (16.7) |
| Hepatic SOFA >3† | 43 (9.8) |
| Multiorgan failure | 105 (22.9) |
| Severe leptospirosis‡ | 197 (43.7) |
| In-hospital death§ | 25 (5.4) |
*ICU, intensive care unit; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score. †Organ-specific SOFA subscores >3 indicate severe dysfunction. ‡Defined as death, ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, pulmonary hemorrhage, or organ failure (modified SOFA >3). §Defined as death during hospitalization for leptospirosis.
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Page updated: June 05, 2026
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