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Volume 32, Number 7—July 2026

Research

Clinical Predictors of Fatal Outcomes from Human Leptospirosis, Thailand, 2015–2024

Umaporn Limothai, Nathan E. Stone, Sasipha Tachaboon, Janejira Dinhuzen, Jason W. Sahl, Theerapon Sukmark, Chayomon Dokpong, David M. Wagner, David A Haake, and Nattachai SrisawatComments to Author 
Author affiliation: Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Critical Care Nephrology, Bangkok, Thailand (U. Limothai, S. Tachaboon, J. Dinhuzen, N. Srisawat); King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital–Thai Red Cross Society, Excellence Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Bangkok (U. Limothai, S. Tachaboon, J. Dinhuzen, N. Srisawat); Northern Arizona University Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA (N.E. Stone, J.W. Sahl, D.M. Wagner); Thungsong Hospital, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand (T. Sukmark); Khukhan Hospital, Sisaket, Thailand (C. Dokpong); Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA (D.A. Haake); University of California David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles (D.A. Haake); University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA (N. Srisawat); Royal Society of Thailand Academy of Science Bangkok (N. Srisawat)

Main Article

Table 2

Factors associated with in-hospital death in patients with confirmed leptospirosis, Thailand, 2015–2024

Variable Unadjusted OR (95% CI) p value Adjusted OR (95% CI) p value
Age 1.03 (1.01–1.06) 0.013 1.05 (1.01–1.09) 0.022
Sex 1.09 (0.36–3.26) 0.880
Days of fever at admission 0.95 (0.77–1.16) 0.604
Mean arterial pressure 0.95 (0.92–0.98) <0.001 0.99 (0.96–1.02) 0.446
Platelet count 0.75 (0.66–0.86) <0.001 0.99 (0.97–1.00) 0.056
Creatinine level 1.34 (1.16–1.54) <0.001 0.97 (0.75–1.25) 0.791
Total bilirubin 1.11 (1.05–1.18) <0.001 1.09 (1.01–1.19) 0.039
Albumin level 0.21 (0.10–0.43) <0.001 0.57 (0.20–1.65) 0.304
Bicarbonate level 0.84 (0.77–0.91) <0.001 0.91 (0.80–1.04) 0.158
Leptospiremia 2.12 (1.54–2.91) <0.001 1.87 (1.26–2.75) 0.002

*Variables with p<0.10 in univariate analysis were considered for inclusion in the multivariable model. OR, odds ratio.

Main Article

Page created: April 27, 2026
Page updated: June 05, 2026
Page reviewed: June 05, 2026
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