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Volume 32, Number 8—August 2026

Research

Detection of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Genotype D1.2 Virus in Swine after Experimental Inoculation

Hannah Seger, Amy L. Baker, Alexandra C. Buckley, Tavis K. Anderson, Alexey Markin, Alessandra Campos, Bruno Caetano Trindade, Marissa Vincent, Giovana Ciacci Zanella, Mia Torchetti, Kristina Lantz, and Bailey ArrudaComments to Author 
Author affiliation: Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA (H. Seger); US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service National Animal Disease Center, Ames, Iowa, USA (H. Seger, A.L. Baker, A.C. Buckley, T.K. Anderson, A. Markin, A. Campos, B.C. Trindade, M. Vincent, G.C. Zanella, B. Arruda); Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames (G.C. Zanella); US Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames (M. Torchetti, K. Lantz)

Main Article

Figure 2

Distribution of influenza A virus nucleoprotein (NP) antigen in the nasal turbinates of pigs in study of systemic distribution and protracted detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b genotype D1.2 virus in swine after experimental inoculation. At 5 days postinoculation, NP antigen (brown) was commonly detected within the epithelial layer without (panel A; animal no. 648; original magnification ×40, inset ×200) and with (panel B; animal no. 642; original magnification ×200) notable loss of cilia of the turbinates, including the nucleus and cytoplasm of ciliated cells (panel C; animal no. 645; original magnification ×600) and less commonly nonciliated cells (panel D, arrowhead; animal no. 648; original magnification ×600). NP was also occasionally found within cells in the submucosa (panels E, F, arrowheads; animal nos. 641 and 648; original magnification ×600) and, rarely, at the cytoplasmic border of an aggregate of cells within the epithelium (panel G; animal no. 648; original magnification ×600).

Figure 2. Distribution of influenza A virus nucleoprotein (NP) antigen in the nasal turbinates of pigs in study of systemic distribution and protracted detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b genotype D1.2 virus in swine after experimental inoculation. At 5 days postinoculation, NP antigen (brown) was commonly detected within the epithelial layer without (panel A; animal no. 648; original magnification ×40, inset ×200) and with (panel B; animal no. 642; original magnification ×200) notable loss of cilia of the turbinates, including the nucleus and cytoplasm of ciliated cells (panel C; animal no. 645; original magnification ×600) and less commonly nonciliated cells (panel D, arrowhead; animal no. 648; original magnification ×600). NP was also occasionally found within cells in the submucosa (panels E, F, arrowheads; animal nos. 641 and 648; original magnification ×600) and, rarely, at the cytoplasmic border of an aggregate of cells within the epithelium (panel G; animal no. 648; original magnification ×600).

Main Article

Page created: June 23, 2026
Page updated: July 15, 2026
Page reviewed: July 15, 2026
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