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Volume 32, Number 8—August 2026

Research

Detection of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Genotype D1.2 Virus in Swine after Experimental Inoculation

Hannah Seger, Amy L. Baker, Alexandra C. Buckley, Tavis K. Anderson, Alexey Markin, Alessandra Campos, Bruno Caetano Trindade, Marissa Vincent, Giovana Ciacci Zanella, Mia Torchetti, Kristina Lantz, and Bailey ArrudaComments to Author 
Author affiliation: Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA (H. Seger); US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service National Animal Disease Center, Ames, Iowa, USA (H. Seger, A.L. Baker, A.C. Buckley, T.K. Anderson, A. Markin, A. Campos, B.C. Trindade, M. Vincent, G.C. Zanella, B. Arruda); Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames (G.C. Zanella); US Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames (M. Torchetti, K. Lantz)

Main Article

Table 2

Necropsy Ct values for tissue sample from pigs in study of systemic distribution and protracted detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b genotype D1.2 virus in swine after experimental inoculation*

Group and pig ID Sample source
BALF Brain Heart Lung, homogenized Diaphragm Meat juice Ileum swab Spiral colon swab Pancreas Spleen
D1.2/OR, necropsy at 5 DPI
641 32.4 30.1 40.0 38.6 37.4 32.0 40.0 36.0 40.0 34.7
642 40.0 39.8 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 39.1
643 33.1 33.6 40.0 37.7 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0
644 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0
645 30.6 36.3 40.0 40.0 38.5 31.2 39.2 36.1 40.0 35.0
646 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0
647 30.4 39.8 40.0 27.5 40.0 36.4 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0
648
 32.7
 35.8
 40.0
 40.0
 40.0
 40.0
 39.8
 40.0
 40.0
 40.0
D1.2/OR, necropsy at 35 DPI
649 40.0 40.0 40.0 38.2 40.0 40.0 40.0 37.5 40.0 –
650 40.0 38.4 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 –
651
 40.0
 40.0
 40.0
 40.0
 40.0
 40.0
 40.0
 40.0
 40.0
 –
Control, necropsy at 5 DPI
652 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0
653 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0
654 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0

*Animals were humanely euthanized at day 5 or 35 DPI. Tissues or swabs taken at necropsy at 5 or 35 DPI. Samples were tested by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Light gray shading indicates samples with positive results (Ct <38.0); dark gray shading indicates a suspected result (Ct 38.0–40.0). Samples with a Ct value <35 were selected for virus isolation; bold indicates samples from which virus was isolated. Dashes indicate missing samples. Ct, cycle threshold; DPI, days postinoculation.

Main Article

Page created: June 23, 2026
Page updated: July 27, 2026
Page reviewed: July 27, 2026
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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