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Volume 32, Number 8—August 2026

Occupationally Exposed and General Population Antibody Profiles to Influenza A Viruses Circulating in Swine as Indication of Zoonotic Risk

Celeste A. Snyder, Garrett M. Janzen, Giovana Ciacci Zanella, Daniel C.A. Moraes, Gustavo S. Silva, Jefferson J.S. Santos, Elizabeth M. Drapeau, Scott E. Hensley, Tavis K. Anderson, Phillip C. Gauger, and Amy L. Baker

Author affiliation: National Animal Disease Center, US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Ames, Iowa, USA (C.A. Snyder, G.M. Janzen, G. Ciacci Zanella, T.K. Anderson, A.L. Baker); Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames (C.A. Snyder, G. Ciacci Zanella, D.C.A. Moraes, G.S. Silva, P.C. Gauger); University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA (J.J.S. Santos, E.M. Drapeau, S.E. Hensley)

Main Article

Representative influenza A virus antigens from swine and human seasonal influenza vaccines included in hemagglutination inhibition assays in study of occupationally exposed and general population antibody profiles to influenza A viruses circulating in swine as indication of zoonotic risk*

Strain	Abbreviation	Subtype	HA clade†	NA clade
rg-A/Hawaii/70/2019	HI19.HuVac	H1N1	6B.1A.5a.1	B.2
A/swine/Illinois/A02524514/2020	IL20.1A.1.1.3	H1N2	1A.1.1.3	N2–1998B
A/swine/Iowa/A02524480/2020	IA20.1A.3.3.2	H1N1	1A.3.3.2	N1-pdm
A/swine/Indiana/A02636365/2022	IN22.1A.3.3.3-c1	H1N1	1A.3.3.3-c1	N1-classical
A/swine/Minnesota/A02635908/202	MN21.1A.3.3.3-c3	H1N1	1A.3.3.3-c3	N1-classical
A/Beijing/262/1995	BJ95.HuVac	H1N1	NA	NA
A/swine/Iowa/A02635863/2021	IA21.1B.2.1	H1N2	1B.2.1	N2–1998B
A/swine/Iowa/A02478968/2020	IA20.1B.2.2.1	H1N2	1B.2.2.1	N2–2002B
A/swine/Iowa/A02524534/2020	IA20.1B.2.2.2	H1N2	1B.2.2.2	N2-LAIV-98
A/Hong Kong /45/2019	HK19.HuVac	H3N2	3C.2a1b.1b	A.2.2
A/swine/Iowa/A02635890/2021	IA21.1990.4.a	H3N2	1990.4.a	N2–2002B
A/swine/Kansas/A02245675/2020	KS20.2010.1	H3N2	2010.1	N2–2002A
A/swine/Indiana/A02635878/2021	IN21.2010.2	H3N2	2010.2	N2–2016

*HA, hemagglutinin; NA, not applicable. †HA lineage and clade designations: 1A = classical swine (1918 spillover), 1B = human seasonal spillover (2000s), 1990.4 and 2010.x = human H3N2 spillovers (1990 or 2010 decade indicated).

Main Article

Page created: June 25, 2026

Page updated: July 15, 2026

Page reviewed: July 15, 2026

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