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Volume 22, Number 8—August 2016
Research

Virulence and Evolution of West Nile Virus, Australia, 1960–2012

Natalie A. Prow12, Judith H. Edmonds2, David T. Williams, Yin X. Setoh, Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann, Willy W. Suen, Jody Hobson-Peters, Andrew F. van den Hurk, Alyssa T. Pyke, Sonja Hall-Mendelin, Judith A. Northill, Cheryl A. Johansen, David Warrilow, Jianning Wang, Peter D. Kirkland, Stephen Doggett, Christy C. Andrade3, Aaron C. Brault, Alexander A. Khromykh4Comments to Author , and Roy A. Hall4Comments to Author 
Author affiliations: The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia (N.A. Prow, J.H. Edmonds, Y.X. Setoh, H. Bielefeldt-Ohmann, W.W. Suen, J. Hobson-Peters, A.A. Khromykh, R.A. Hall); CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (D.T. Williams, J. Wang); The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia (H. Bielefeldt-Ohmann, W.W. Suen); Department of Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (A.F. van den Hurk, A.T. Pyke, S. Hall-Mendelin, J.A. Northill, D. Warrilow); The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia (C.A. Johansen); Elizabeth Macarthur Agriculture Institute, Menangle, New South Wales, Australia (P.D. Kirkland); University of Sydney and Pathology West–ICPMR, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia (S. Doggett); University of California, Davis, California, USA (C.C. Andrade, A.C. Brault); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (C.C. Andrade, A.C. Brault)

Main Article

Figure 2

Plaque morphology of representative West Nile virus strains isolated in Australia, 1960–2012. Virus was allowed to adsorb to monolayers of Vero cells for 2 h at 37°C. The cells were then overlaid with Dulbecco Modified Eagle Medium containing 0.5% low melting point agarose and 2% fetal bovine serum. Four days after infection, the cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde solution and stained with 0.2% crystal violet.

Figure 2. Plaque morphology of representative West Nile virus strains isolated in Australia, 1960–2012. Virus was allowed to adsorb to monolayers of Vero cells for 2 h at 37°C. The cells were then overlaid with Dulbecco Modified Eagle Medium containing 0.5% low melting point agarose and 2% fetal bovine serum. Four days after infection, the cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde solution and stained with 0.2% crystal violet.

Main Article

1Current affiliation: QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia.

2These authors contributed equally to the major technical aspects of the work.

3Current affiliation: Willamette University, Salem, Oregon, USA.

4These authors served as joint senior authors.

Page created: July 15, 2016
Page updated: July 15, 2016
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The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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