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Volume 22, Number 8—August 2016
Research

Virulence and Evolution of West Nile Virus, Australia, 1960–2012

Natalie A. Prow12, Judith H. Edmonds2, David T. Williams, Yin X. Setoh, Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann, Willy W. Suen, Jody Hobson-Peters, Andrew F. van den Hurk, Alyssa T. Pyke, Sonja Hall-Mendelin, Judith A. Northill, Cheryl A. Johansen, David Warrilow, Jianning Wang, Peter D. Kirkland, Stephen Doggett, Christy C. Andrade3, Aaron C. Brault, Alexander A. Khromykh4Comments to Author , and Roy A. Hall4Comments to Author 
Author affiliations: The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia (N.A. Prow, J.H. Edmonds, Y.X. Setoh, H. Bielefeldt-Ohmann, W.W. Suen, J. Hobson-Peters, A.A. Khromykh, R.A. Hall); CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (D.T. Williams, J. Wang); The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia (H. Bielefeldt-Ohmann, W.W. Suen); Department of Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (A.F. van den Hurk, A.T. Pyke, S. Hall-Mendelin, J.A. Northill, D. Warrilow); The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia (C.A. Johansen); Elizabeth Macarthur Agriculture Institute, Menangle, New South Wales, Australia (P.D. Kirkland); University of Sydney and Pathology West–ICPMR, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia (S. Doggett); University of California, Davis, California, USA (C.C. Andrade, A.C. Brault); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (C.C. Andrade, A.C. Brault)

Main Article

Table 3

Amino acid sequences in the West Nile virus genome*

WNV strain
 Year of isolation
 prM, residue 22/72†
 Putative virulence determinant
 NS5, residue 49
 3′ UTR residues 64–71
E protein, residues 154–156‡
 NS3, residue 249§
 NS5, residue 653¶
NY99 1999 Val/Ser Asn-Tyr-Ser (NYS) Pro Phe Val Present
KUN1960 1960 Ile/Leu Asn-Tyr-Phe (NYF) Ala Ser Ile Present
Boort 1984 Ile/Leu Asn-Tyr-Ser (NYS) Ala Phe Ile Present
K2499 1984 Ile/Leu Asn-Tyr-Ser (NYS) Ala Phe Ile Present
K6453 1991 Ile/Leu Asn-Tyr-Ser (NYS) Ala Phe Ile Present
Hu6774 1991 Ile/Leu Asn-Tyr-Ser (NYS) Ala Phe Ile Present
Gu0631 2000 Ile/Leu Asn-Tyr-Ser (NYS) Ala Phe Ile Present
Gu1009 2000 Ile/Leu Asn-Tyr-Ser (NYS) Ala Phe Ile Absent
K68967 2009 Ile/Leu Asn-Tyr-Ser (NYS) Ala Phe Val Absent
P9974 2009 Ile/Leu Asn-Tyr-Ser (NYS) Ala Phe Val Absent
NSW2011 2011 Ile/Leu Asn-Tyr-Ser (NYS) Ala Phe Val Absent
K74015 2011 Ile/Leu Asn-Tyr-Ser (NYS) Ala Phe Val Absent
NSW2012 2012 Ile/Leu Asn-Tyr-Ser (NYS) Ala Phe Val Absent

*E, envelope; NS, nonstructural; prM, premembrane; UTR, untranslated region.
†(11).
‡(7).
§(25).
¶(10).

Main Article

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Main Article

1Current affiliation: QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia.

2These authors contributed equally to the major technical aspects of the work.

3Current affiliation: Willamette University, Salem, Oregon, USA.

4These authors served as joint senior authors.

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Page updated: July 15, 2016
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