Volume 24, Number 5—May 2018
Synopsis
Antimicrobial Resistance in Invasive Bacterial Infections in Hospitalized Children, Cambodia, 2007–2016
Table 3
Logistic regression analysis of resistance trends for the gram-negative Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System pathogens Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli isolated from children at Angkor Hospital for Children, Siem Reap, Cambodia, 2007–2016*
Pathogen, resistance type, predictor variable |
Univariable analysis |
Multivariable analysis |
|||
OR (95% CI) |
p value |
OR (95% CI) |
p value |
||
Klebsiella pneumoniae | |||||
AMP–GEN | |||||
Year of isolation | |||||
2007–2008 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
2009–2010 | 2.00 (0.42–10.03) | 0.384 | 1.31 (0.23–7.88) | 0.765 | |
2011–2012 | 5.52 (1.41–22.90) | 0.015 | 2.61 (0.58–12.45) | 0.213 | |
2013–2014 | 1.95 (0.51–7.80) | 0.329 | 0.59 (0.12–2.85) | 0.504 | |
2015–2016 | 0.21 (0.03–1.12) | 0.075 | 0.06 (0.01–0.41) | 0.006 | |
Patient age | |||||
Nonneonate | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
Neonate† | 5.63 (2.61–13.10) | <0.001 | 7.30 (2.75–22.47) | <0.001 | |
Infection type‡ | |||||
Community-acquired | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
Hospital-acquired | 3.87 (1.81–8.51) | <0.001 | 3.62 (1.42–9.58) | 0.008 | |
3GC | |||||
Years of isolation | |||||
2007–2008 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
2009–2010 | 1.22 (0.20–7.02) | 0.823 | 0.87 (0.13–5.60) | 0.881 | |
2011–2012 | 3.13 (0.57–14.69 | 0.156 | 1.37 (0.23–7.16) | 0.716 | |
2013–2014 | 2.78 (0.49–13.93) | 0.218 | 0.97 (0.15–5.58) | 0.973 | |
2015–2016 | 0.20 (0.03–0.94) | 0.052 | 0.06 (0.01–0.39) | 0.005 | |
Patient age | |||||
Nonneonate | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
Neonate | 6.41 (2.32–22.70) | 0.001 | 7.50 (2.16–35.00) | 0.004 | |
Infection type | |||||
Community-acquired | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
Hospital-acquired |
4.04 (1.76–9.44) |
0.001 |
3.51 (1.27–10.12) |
0.017 |
|
Escherichia coli | |||||
AMP–GEN | |||||
Years of isolation | |||||
2007–2008 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
2009–2010 | 2.67 (0.63–12.75) | 0.194 | 2.86 (0.66–14.13) | 0.174 | |
2011–2012 | 1.23 (0.28–5.86) | 0.785 | 0.95 (0.20–4.75) | 0.947 | |
2013–2014 | 2.62 (0.67–11.63) | 0.179 | 2.25 (0.53–10.72) | 0.282 | |
2015–2016 | 1.38 (0.33–6.50) | 0.665 | 1.03 (0.22–5.11) | 0.975 | |
Patient age | |||||
Nonneonate | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
Neonate | 1.04 (0.42–2.57) | 0.924 | 0.75 (0.27–2.01) | 0.568 | |
Infection type | |||||
Community-acquired | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
Hospital-acquired | 2.33 (1.04–5.33) | 0.041 | 2.92 (1.21–7.44) | 0.020 | |
3GC | |||||
Years of isolation | |||||
2007–2008 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
2009–2010 | 3.00 (0.68–16.38) | 0.165 | 4.04 (0.79–26.54) | 0.112 | |
2011–2012 | 3.30 (0.74–18.21) | 0.134 | 2.47 (0.45–16.60) | 0.319 | |
2013–2014 | 3.43 (0.83–17.83) | 0.105 | 3.07 (0.60–19.99) | 0.201 | |
2015–2016 | 3.60 (0.82–19.73) | 0.106 | 2.44 (0.45–16.13) | 0.319 | |
Patient age | |||||
Nonneonate | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
Neonate | 0.92 (0.37–2.27) | 0.861 | 0.41 (0.12–1.26) | 0.131 | |
Infection type | |||||
Community-acquired | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
Hospital-acquired | 7.50 (3.09–20.01) | <0.001 | 10.14 (3.70–32.14) | <0.001 |
*3GC, third-generation cephalosporin; AMP–GEN, resistance to both ampicillin and gentamicin; OR, odds ratio; ref, referent.
†Neonate, 0–28 d of age.
‡Isolates were defined as hospital-acquired if taken >48 hours after admission.