Coronavirus Antibody Responses before COVID-19 Pandemic, Africa and Thailand
Yifan Li, Mélanie Merbah, Suzanne Wollen-Roberts, Bradley Beckman, Thembi Mdluli, Isabella Swafford, Sandra V. Mayer, Jocelyn King, Courtney Corbitt, Jeffrey R. Currier, Heather Liu, Allahna Esber, Suteeraporn Pinyakorn, Ajay Parikh, Leilani V. Francisco, Nittaya Phanuphak, Jonah Maswai, John Owuoth, Hannah Kibuuka, Michael Iroezindu, Emmanuel Bahemana, Sandhya Vasan, Julie A. Ake, Kayvon Modjarrad, Gregory Gromowski, Dominic Paquin-Proulx, and Morgane Rolland
Author affiliations: Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA (Y. Li, M. Merbah, S. Wollen-Roberts, B. Beckman, T. Mdluli, I. Swafford, S.V. Mayer, J. King, C. Corbitt, H. Liu, A. Esber, S. Pinyakorn, A. Parikh, L.V. Francisco, S. Vasan, J.A. Ake, K. Modjarrad, G. Gromowski, D. Paquin-Proulx, M. Rolland); Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA (Y. Li, M. Merbah, S. Wollen-Roberts, B. Beckman, T. Mdluli, I. Swafford, H. Liu, A. Esber, S. Pinyakorn, A. Parikh, L.V. Francisco, S. Vasan, D. Paquin-Proulx, M. Rolland); Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand (N. Phanuphak); HJF Medical Research International, Kericho, Kenya (J. Maswai, J. Owuoth, M. Iroezindu, E. Bahemana); Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda (H. Kibuuka)
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Figure 2
Figure 2. Heat map of coronavirus-specific antibody responses in a study of coronavirus antibody responses before COVID-19 pandemic, Thailand and Africa. We measured antibody responses for in 173 prepandemic serum and plasma samples and 12 samples collected from SARS-CoV-2 convalescent patients. Samples were tested for human coronaviruses SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, OC43, NL63, HKU1, and 229E. Binding responses are given as z-scores. Each column corresponds to a specific antigen and detection combination. Each row represents a sample; the top 24 rows correspond to positive controls from SARS-CoV-2 convalescent patients. FcγR, Fc gamma receptor (FcγRIIa, FcγRIIb, FcγRIIIa, and FcγRIIIb).
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