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Volume 28, Number 11—November 2022
Research

Coronavirus Antibody Responses before COVID-19 Pandemic, Africa and Thailand

Yifan Li, Mélanie Merbah, Suzanne Wollen-Roberts, Bradley Beckman, Thembi Mdluli, Isabella Swafford, Sandra V. Mayer, Jocelyn King, Courtney Corbitt, Jeffrey R. Currier, Heather Liu, Allahna Esber, Suteeraporn Pinyakorn, Ajay Parikh, Leilani V. Francisco, Nittaya Phanuphak, Jonah Maswai, John Owuoth, Hannah Kibuuka, Michael Iroezindu, Emmanuel Bahemana, Sandhya Vasan, Julie A. Ake, Kayvon Modjarrad, Gregory Gromowski, Dominic Paquin-Proulx, and Morgane RollandComments to Author 
Author affiliations: Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA (Y. Li, M. Merbah, S. Wollen-Roberts, B. Beckman, T. Mdluli, I. Swafford, S.V. Mayer, J. King, C. Corbitt, H. Liu, A. Esber, S. Pinyakorn, A. Parikh, L.V. Francisco, S. Vasan, J.A. Ake, K. Modjarrad, G. Gromowski, D. Paquin-Proulx, M. Rolland); Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA (Y. Li, M. Merbah, S. Wollen-Roberts, B. Beckman, T. Mdluli, I. Swafford, H. Liu, A. Esber, S. Pinyakorn, A. Parikh, L.V. Francisco, S. Vasan, D. Paquin-Proulx, M. Rolland); Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand (N. Phanuphak); HJF Medical Research International, Kericho, Kenya (J. Maswai, J. Owuoth, M. Iroezindu, E. Bahemana); Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda (H. Kibuuka)

Main Article

Figure 7

Heatmaps for outbreak coronaviruses, HIV-1, and flavivirus responses compared in a study of coronavirus antibody responses before COVID-19 pandemic, Thailand and Africa. A) IgG binding responses against SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1, and MERS-CoV. B) IgG binding responses against HIV-1 envelope antigens corresponding to CRF01_AE, CRF02_AG, subtype C, and group M. C) IgG binding responses against flaviviruses. Binding responses are presented as Z scores. Each column corresponds to a specific antigen. Each row represents a sample; the country of origin and HIV-1 status are marked in different colors. CHIKV, chikungunya virus; DENV, dengue virus; E, envelope; JEV, Japanese encephalitis virus; MERS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus; N, nucleocapsid; NS1, nonstructural 1; PLWH, persons living with HIV; PWOH, persons without HIV; RBD, receptor-binding domain; S1, subunit 1; S2, subunit 2; TBEV, tickborne encephalitis virus; YFV, yellow fever virus; WNV, West Nile virus; ZIKV, Zika virus.

Figure 7. Heatmaps for outbreak coronaviruses, HIV-1, and flavivirus responses compared in a study of coronavirus antibody responses before COVID-19 pandemic, Thailand and Africa. A) IgG binding responses against SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1, and MERS-CoV. B) IgG binding responses against HIV-1 envelope antigens corresponding to CRF01_AE, CRF02_AG, subtype C, and group M. C) IgG binding responses against flaviviruses. Binding responses are presented as Z scores. Each column corresponds to a specific antigen. Each row represents a sample; the country of origin and HIV-1 status are marked in different colors. CHIKV, chikungunya virus; DENV, dengue virus; E, envelope; JEV, Japanese encephalitis virus; MERS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus; N, nucleocapsid; NS1, nonstructural 1; PLWH, persons living with HIV; PWOH, persons without HIV; RBD, receptor-binding domain; S1, subunit 1; S2, subunit 2; TBEV, tickborne encephalitis virus; YFV, yellow fever virus; WNV, West Nile virus; ZIKV, Zika virus.

Main Article

Page created: October 01, 2022
Page updated: October 21, 2022
Page reviewed: October 21, 2022
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