Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
Volume 29, Number 1—January 2023
Research

Seroepidemiology and Carriage of Diphtheria in Epidemic-Prone Area and Implications for Vaccination Policy, Vietnam

Noriko KitamuraComments to Author , Thanh T. Hoan, Hung M. Do, The A. Dao, Lien T. Le, Thao T.T. Le, Thuy T.T. Doan, Thuong N. Chau, Hoi T. Dinh, Masaaki Iwaki, Mitsutoshi Senoh, Androulla Efstraciou, Nen M. Ho, Duc M. Pham, Duc-Anh Dang, Michiko Toizumi, Paul Fine, Hung T. Do, and Lay-Myint Yoshida
Author affiliations: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK (N. Kitamura, P. Fine); Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan (N. Kitamura, M. Toizumi, L.-M. Yoshida); Pasteur Institute in Nha Trang, Nha Trang, Vietnam (T.T. Hoan, H.M. Do, T.A. Dao, L.T. Le, T.T.T. Le, T.T.T. Doan, H.T. Do); Quang Ngai Provincial Health Services, Quang Ngai, Vietnam (T.N. Chau, H.T. Dinh, N.M. Ho, D.M. Pham); National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (M. Iwaki, M. Senoh); National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam (D.-A. Dang); UK Health Security Agency, London (A. Efstraciou)

Main Article

Table 1

Sociodemographic characteristics of participants and households in Tay Tra and Son Ha District in survey, Quang Ngai Province, Vietnam, 2019*

Individual data All, n = 1,216 Tay Tra, n = 604 Son Ha, n = 612 p value
Age, y
<5 269 (22) 125 (21) 144 (24) 0.45†
6‒17 322 (26) 171 (28) 151 (25)
18‒40 523 (43) 258 (43) 265 (43)
40‒55
 102 (8)
 50 (8)
 52 (8)
Sex
M 615 (51) 309 (51) 306 (50) 0.69†
F
 601 (49)
 295 (49)
 306 (50)
Ethnic group
Co 487 (40) 486 (80) 1 (0.2) <0.01†
Hre 531 (44) 0 (0) 531 (87)
K’Dong 110 (9) 105 (17) 5 (1)
Kinh 79 (6) 5 (1) 74 (12)
Other
 9 (1)
 8 (1)
 1 (0.2)
>18 years old All, n = 625 Tay Tra, n = 308 Son Ha, n = 317
Occupation
Farmer 569 (91) 278 (90) 291 (92) 0.50†
Other
 56 (9)
 30 (10)
 26 (8)
<10 years old All, n = 464 Tay Tra, n = 231 Son Ha, n = 233
Confirmed vaccination history
BCG 361 (78) 165 (71) 196 (84) <0.01†
DTP1 347 (75) 165 (71) 182 (78) 0.12†
DTP3 343 (74) 163 (71) 180 (77) 0.12†
DTP4 198 (43) 90 (39) 108 (46) 0.13†
Measles
 350 (75)
 160 (69)
 190 (82)
 0.02†
MUAC, cm All, n = 235 Tay Tra, n = 111 Son Ha, n = 124
Mean (SD)
 14.7 (1.3)
 14.6 (1.4)
 14.8 (1.2)
 0.20‡
Household data All, n = 458 Tay Tra, n = 252 Son Ha, n = 206
Toilet facility 323 (71) 215 (85) 108 (52) <0.01§
Water source
Well 168 (37) 2 (1) 166 (81) <0.01§
River 249 (54) 247 (98) 32 (16) <0.01§
Energy source
Gas 95 (21) 22 (9) 73 (35) <0.01§
Bio fuel 358 (78) 226 (90) 132 (64) <0.01§

*Values are no. (%) except as indicated. BCG, Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette–Guérin; DTP, diphtheria‒tetanus‒pertussis; MUAC, mid-upper arm circumference. †By χ2 test. ‡By t-test. §By χ2 test or Fisher exact test.

Main Article

Page created: November 01, 2022
Page updated: December 21, 2022
Page reviewed: December 21, 2022
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external