Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
Volume 29, Number 1—January 2023
Research

Seroepidemiology and Carriage of Diphtheria in Epidemic-Prone Area and Implications for Vaccination Policy, Vietnam

Noriko KitamuraComments to Author , Thanh T. Hoan, Hung M. Do, The A. Dao, Lien T. Le, Thao T.T. Le, Thuy T.T. Doan, Thuong N. Chau, Hoi T. Dinh, Masaaki Iwaki, Mitsutoshi Senoh, Androulla Efstraciou, Nen M. Ho, Duc M. Pham, Duc-Anh Dang, Michiko Toizumi, Paul Fine, Hung T. Do, and Lay-Myint Yoshida
Author affiliations: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK (N. Kitamura, P. Fine); Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan (N. Kitamura, M. Toizumi, L.-M. Yoshida); Pasteur Institute in Nha Trang, Nha Trang, Vietnam (T.T. Hoan, H.M. Do, T.A. Dao, L.T. Le, T.T.T. Le, T.T.T. Doan, H.T. Do); Quang Ngai Provincial Health Services, Quang Ngai, Vietnam (T.N. Chau, H.T. Dinh, N.M. Ho, D.M. Pham); National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (M. Iwaki, M. Senoh); National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam (D.-A. Dang); UK Health Security Agency, London (A. Efstraciou)

Main Article

Table 4

Associations between Corynebacterium diphtheriae carriage and potential risk factors, Vietnam*

Risk factor Carriage, no. (%)
 p value†
Total Tested
Age group, y
<5 12 (4.5) 257 (95.5) <0.01
6‒17 10 (3.1) 314 (96.9)
18‒40 5 (1.0) 518 (99.0)
41‒55
 0
102 (100.0)
Sex
M 10 (1.6) 605 (98.4) 0.198
F
 17 (2.8)
 584 (97.2)
DTP1 <10 years
0 doses 5 (4.5) 107 (95.5) >0.99
>1 dose
 16 (4.5)
 336 (95.5)
DTP3 <10 years
<3 doses 5 (4.3) 111 (95.7) >0.99
>3 doses
 16 (4.6)
 332 (95.4)
Diphtheria antibody, IU/mL
<0.1 11 (1.7) 630 (98.3) 0.24
>0.1
 16 (2.8)
 559 (97.2)
School
Not attended 17 (1.8) 906 (98.2) 0.12
Attended
 6 (2.1)
 283 (97.9)
Dormitory
Not staying 23 (2.2) 1,035 (97.8) 0.77
Staying
 4 (2.5)
 154 (97.5)
Sharing bed
Yes 4 (2.7) 143 (97.3) 0.56
No
 23 (2.2)
 1,037 (97.8)
Household size, no, persons
<4 13 (2.2) 585 (97.8) >0.99
>4
 14 (2.3)
 604 (97.7)
Bathing, times/day
<1 0 72 (100.0) 0.40
>1
 27 (2.4)
 1,117 (97.6)
Handwashing, times/day
<3 4 (1.6) 247 (98.4) 0.11
>3
 18 (3.9)
 445 (96.1)
Livestock or pet animal
No 24 (2.7) 866 (97.3) 0.08
Yes
 3 (0.9)
 323 (99.1)
Category Positive Negative p value by t-test
MUAC, cm, mean (SD) 15.0 (1.77) 14.8 (1.33) 0.16
Age, y, mean (SD) 7 (9.7) 20 (14.3) <0.01
log-transformed IgG level, mean (SD) ‒1.4 (2.1) ‒2.2 (1.2) <0.01

*DTP, diphtheria‒tetanus‒pertussis; MUAC, mid-upper arm circumference. †By Fisher exact test except as indicated.

Main Article

Page created: November 01, 2022
Page updated: December 21, 2022
Page reviewed: December 21, 2022
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external