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Volume 30, Number 7—July 2024
Research

Sialic Acid Receptor Specificity in Mammary Gland of Dairy Cattle Infected with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus

Rahul K. Nelli1Comments to Author , Tyler A. Harm1, Chris Siepker1, Jennifer M. Groeltz-Thrush, Brianna Jones, Ning-Chieh Twu, Ariel S. Nenninger, Drew R. Magstadt, Eric R. Burrough, Pablo E. Piñeyro, Marta Mainenti, Silvia Carnaccini, Paul J. Plummer, and Todd M. BellComments to Author 
Author affiliations: Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa, USA (R.K. Nelli, T.A. Harm, C. Siepker, J.M. Groeltz-Thrush, B. Jones, N.-C. Twu, A.S. Nenninger, D.R. Magstadt, E.R. Burrough, P.E. Piñeyro, M. Mainenti, P.J. Plummer, T.M. Bell); University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA (S. Carnaccini)

Main Article

Figure 3

Respiratory tract tissues from a US dairy cow infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus, labeled with IAV-Np (yellow pseudocolor, DyLight 594), individually duplexed with MAL-I (red pseudocolor, Alexa Fluor 647), MAL-II (red pseudocolor, Alexa Fluor 647), and SNA (red pseudocolor, Alexa Fluor 647) using fluorescent staining. Representative merged images are shown for IAV-Np and MAL-I (A, D, G, J), IAV-Np and MAL-II (B, E, H, K), and IAV-Np and SNA (C, F, I, L). IAV-Np labeling was not detected within the respiratory tissue sections. Intense, granular to punctate, cytoplasmic MAL-I, MAL-II, and SNA labeling was observed in goblet cells (arrowheads) and glands of the trachea (A–C). Similar goblet cell labeling (arrowheads) for MAL-I (D) and MAL-II (E) was observed in the bronchi with weak SNA labeling (F). Multifocal, moderate, fibrillar, apical, membranous MAL-I (A) and MAL-II (B) labeling (white arrows) was observed on the tracheal epithelium. The respiratory epithelium of the bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli had diffuse, moderate to intense, apical, fibrillar MAL-I labeling (white arrows) (D, G, J). The respiratory epithelium of the bronchi had multifocal, moderate, fibrillar, apical MAL-II labeling (white arrows) (E). The respiratory epithelium of the bronchioles and alveoli had diffuse MAL-II labeling (white arrows) (H, K). Intraluminal secretory material (asterisks) in the bronchi and bronchioles were intensely labeled with MAL-I and MAL-II (G, H). Membranous, granular SNA labeling (yellow arrows) was observed in intraepithelial and lamina proprial round cells in the trachea and bronchi (C, F). Scale bars indicate 50 μm. IAV-Np, influenza A virus nucleoprotein; MAL, Maackia amurensis lectin; SNA, Sambucus nigra lectin.

Figure 3. Respiratory tract tissues from a US dairy cow infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus, labeled with IAV-Np (yellow pseudocolor, DyLight 594), individually duplexed with MAL-I (red pseudocolor, Alexa Fluor 647), MAL-II (red pseudocolor, Alexa Fluor 647), and SNA (red pseudocolor, Alexa Fluor 647) using fluorescent staining. Representative merged images are shown for IAV-Np and MAL-I (A, D, G, J), IAV-Np and MAL-II (B, E, H, K), and IAV-Np and SNA (C, F, I, L). IAV-Np labeling was not detected within the respiratory tissue sections. Intense, granular to punctate, cytoplasmic MAL-I, MAL-II, and SNA labeling was observed in goblet cells (arrowheads) and glands of the trachea (A–C). Similar goblet cell labeling (arrowheads) for MAL-I (D) and MAL-II (E) was observed in the bronchi with weak SNA labeling (F). Multifocal, moderate, fibrillar, apical, membranous MAL-I (A) and MAL-II (B) labeling (white arrows) was observed on the tracheal epithelium. The respiratory epithelium of the bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli had diffuse, moderate to intense, apical, fibrillar MAL-I labeling (white arrows) (D, G, J). The respiratory epithelium of the bronchi had multifocal, moderate, fibrillar, apical MAL-II labeling (white arrows) (E). The respiratory epithelium of the bronchioles and alveoli had diffuse MAL-II labeling (white arrows) (H, K). Intraluminal secretory material (asterisks) in the bronchi and bronchioles were intensely labeled with MAL-I and MAL-II (G, H). Membranous, granular SNA labeling (yellow arrows) was observed in intraepithelial and lamina proprial round cells in the trachea and bronchi (C, F). Scale bars indicate 50 μm. IAV-Np, influenza A virus nucleoprotein; MAL, Maackia amurensis lectin; SNA, Sambucus nigra lectin.

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1These first authors contributed equally to this article.

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