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Volume 30, Number 7—July 2024
Research

Sialic Acid Receptor Specificity in Mammary Gland of Dairy Cattle Infected with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus

Rahul K. Nelli1, Tyler A. Harm1, Chris Siepker1, Jennifer M. Groeltz-Thrush, Brianna Jones, Ning-Chieh Twu, Ariel S. Nenninger, Drew R. Magstadt, Eric R. Burrough, Pablo E. Piñeyro, Marta Mainenti, Silvia Carnaccini, Paul J. Plummer, and Todd M. BellComments to Author 
Author affiliations: Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa, USA (R.K. Nelli, T.A. Harm, C. Siepker, J.M. Groeltz-Thrush, B. Jones, N.-C. Twu, A.S. Nenninger, D.R. Magstadt, E.R. Burrough, P.E. Piñeyro, M. Mainenti, P.J. Plummer, T.M. Bell); University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA (S. Carnaccini)

Main Article

Figure 5

Unaffected region of the mammary gland from a US dairy cow infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus, labeled with IAV-Np (yellow pseudocolor, DyLight 594), individually duplexed with MAL-I (red pseudocolor, Alexa Fluor 647), MAL-II (red pseudocolor, Alexa Fluor 647), and SNA (red pseudocolor, Alexa Fluor 647) using fluorescent staining. Representative merged images of IAV-Np/MAL-I (A, B), IAV-Np/MAL-II (C, D), and IAV-Np/SNA (E, F). IAV-Np labeling was not detected within unaffected mammary gland tissue sections. MAL-I labeling was neither observed in the epithelial cells (white arrows) lining the secretory alveoli (A) nor on the epithelial cells (white arrowheads) lining the interlobular ducts (B). Intense, apical, fibrillary MAL-II labeling was observed in the epithelial cells (white arrows) lining the secretory alveoli of unaffected mammary glands (C). MAL-II labeling was not observed in the epithelial cells (arrowheads) lining the interlobular ducts (D). Intense, apical, granular, membranous to cytoplasmic SNA labeling in the epithelial cells lining (white arrows) the secretory alveoli (E) and lining the interlobular ducts (arrowheads) (F) was observed. Scale bars indicate 50 μm. IAV-Np, influenza A virus nucleoprotein; MAL, Maackia amurensis lectin; SNA, Sambucus nigra lectin.

Figure 5. Unaffected region of the mammary gland from a US dairy cow infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus, labeled with IAV-Np (yellow pseudocolor, DyLight 594), individually duplexed with MAL-I (red pseudocolor, Alexa Fluor 647), MAL-II (red pseudocolor, Alexa Fluor 647), and SNA (red pseudocolor, Alexa Fluor 647) using fluorescent staining. Representative merged images of IAV-Np/MAL-I (A, B), IAV-Np/MAL-II (C, D), and IAV-Np/SNA (E, F). IAV-Np labeling was not detected within unaffected mammary gland tissue sections. MAL-I labeling was neither observed in the epithelial cells (white arrows) lining the secretory alveoli (A) nor on the epithelial cells (white arrowheads) lining the interlobular ducts (B). Intense, apical, fibrillary MAL-II labeling was observed in the epithelial cells (white arrows) lining the secretory alveoli of unaffected mammary glands (C). MAL-II labeling was not observed in the epithelial cells (arrowheads) lining the interlobular ducts (D). Intense, apical, granular, membranous to cytoplasmic SNA labeling in the epithelial cells lining (white arrows) the secretory alveoli (E) and lining the interlobular ducts (arrowheads) (F) was observed. Scale bars indicate 50 μm. IAV-Np, influenza A virus nucleoprotein; MAL, Maackia amurensis lectin; SNA, Sambucus nigra lectin.

Main Article

1These first authors contributed equally to this article.

Page created: June 03, 2024
Page updated: June 22, 2024
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