Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
Volume 30, Number 7—July 2024
Research

Sialic Acid Receptor Specificity in Mammary Gland of Dairy Cattle Infected with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus

Rahul K. Nelli1Comments to Author , Tyler A. Harm1, Chris Siepker1, Jennifer M. Groeltz-Thrush, Brianna Jones, Ning-Chieh Twu, Ariel S. Nenninger, Drew R. Magstadt, Eric R. Burrough, Pablo E. Piñeyro, Marta Mainenti, Silvia Carnaccini, Paul J. Plummer, and Todd M. BellComments to Author 
Author affiliations: Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa, USA (R.K. Nelli, T.A. Harm, C. Siepker, J.M. Groeltz-Thrush, B. Jones, N.-C. Twu, A.S. Nenninger, D.R. Magstadt, E.R. Burrough, P.E. Piñeyro, M. Mainenti, P.J. Plummer, T.M. Bell); University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA (S. Carnaccini)

Main Article

Figure 8

Infected region of the mammary gland from a US dairy cow infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus, showing IAV-Np (teal chromogen), individually duplexed with MAL-I (magenta chromogen), MAL-II (magenta chromogen), and SNA (magenta chromogen) using chromogenic staining. Representative images IAV-Np/MAL-I (A, B), IAV-Np/MAL-II (C, D), and IAV-Np/SNA (E, F) in infected mammary gland and interlobular duct are shown. Strong intracytoplasmic and intranuclear immunoreactivity with IAV-Np was observed within the glandular epithelium of the mammary alveolus and interlobular ducts (arrowheads) with no substantial MAL-I labeling (A, B). Scant, multifocal, apical, punctate MAL-II labeling was observed in degenerative mammary gland epithelial cells (arrows) with strong, intranuclear, and intracytoplasmic immunoreactivity for IAV-Np (arrowheads) (C). Interlobular ductal epithelium exhibits strong, multifocal intranuclear and intracytoplasmic immunoreactivity to IAV-Np in attenuated and sloughed cells (arrowheads) with no substantial epithelial MAL-II detected (D). Strong, multifocal, punctate, apical labeling with SNA in attenuated or degenerative epithelial cells (arrows) with strong, intranuclear, and intracytoplasmic immunoreactivity for IAV-Np (arrows) was observed within mammary gland epithelium (E). Scant, multifocal, delicate, apical labeling for SNA (arrows) within ductal epithelium with strong, intranuclear, and intracytoplasmic immunoreactivity within sloughed, intraluminal epithelial cells for IAV-Np (arrowheads) was observed in an interlobular duct (F). Scale bars indicate 200 μm. IAV-Np, influenza A virus nucleoprotein; MAL, Maackia amurensis lectin; SNA, Sambucus nigra lectin.

Figure 8. Infected region of the mammary gland from a US dairy cow infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus, showing IAV-Np (teal chromogen), individually duplexed with MAL-I (magenta chromogen), MAL-II (magenta chromogen), and SNA (magenta chromogen) using chromogenic staining. Representative images IAV-Np/MAL-I (A, B), IAV-Np/MAL-II (C, D), and IAV-Np/SNA (E, F) in infected mammary gland and interlobular duct are shown. Strong intracytoplasmic and intranuclear immunoreactivity with IAV-Np was observed within the glandular epithelium of the mammary alveolus and interlobular ducts (arrowheads) with no substantial MAL-I labeling (A, B). Scant, multifocal, apical, punctate MAL-II labeling was observed in degenerative mammary gland epithelial cells (arrows) with strong, intranuclear, and intracytoplasmic immunoreactivity for IAV-Np (arrowheads) (C). Interlobular ductal epithelium exhibits strong, multifocal intranuclear and intracytoplasmic immunoreactivity to IAV-Np in attenuated and sloughed cells (arrowheads) with no substantial epithelial MAL-II detected (D). Strong, multifocal, punctate, apical labeling with SNA in attenuated or degenerative epithelial cells (arrows) with strong, intranuclear, and intracytoplasmic immunoreactivity for IAV-Np (arrows) was observed within mammary gland epithelium (E). Scant, multifocal, delicate, apical labeling for SNA (arrows) within ductal epithelium with strong, intranuclear, and intracytoplasmic immunoreactivity within sloughed, intraluminal epithelial cells for IAV-Np (arrowheads) was observed in an interlobular duct (F). Scale bars indicate 200 μm. IAV-Np, influenza A virus nucleoprotein; MAL, Maackia amurensis lectin; SNA, Sambucus nigra lectin.

Main Article

1These first authors contributed equally to this article.

Page created: June 03, 2024
Page updated: June 22, 2024
Page reviewed: June 22, 2024
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external