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Volume 31, Number 10—October 2025

Research

Comparative Epidemiology of Salmonella Paratyphi A and Salmonella Typhi Causing Enteric Fever, Bangladesh, 2018–2020

Sadia Isfat Ara Rahman1Comments to Author , Md Golam Firoj1, Se Eun Park1, Farhana Khanam1, Suneth Agampodi1, Kassa Haile1, Edilawit Mesfin, Faisal Ahmmed, Md Taufiqul Islam, Ashraful Islam Khan, Fahima Chowdhury, Afroza Akter, Martin Bundi Mwebia, Justin Im, Natasha Y. Rickett, Cecilia Kathure Mbae, Asma Binte Aziz, Beatrice Ongadi, Moses Mwangi, Benjamin Ngugi, Meseret Gebre Behute, Kelvin Kering, Suman Kanungo, Xinxue Liu, Deok Ryun Kim, Andrew J. Pollard, K Zaman2, Samuel Kariuki2, Firdausi Qadri2, and John D. Clemens2
Author affiliation: icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh (S.I.A. Rahman, M.G. Firoj, F. Khanam, F. Ahmmed, M.T. Islam, A.I. Khan, F. Chowdhury, A. Akter, K. Zaman, F. Qadri, J.D. Clemens); Yonsei University Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul (S.E. Park); International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea (S.E. Park, S. Agampodi, N.Y. Rickett, A.B. Aziz, M.G. Behute, D.R. Kim, J.D. Clemens); Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (K. Haile, E. Mesfin); Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya (M.B. Mwebia, C.K. Mbae, B. Ongadi, M. Mwangi, B. Ngugi, K. Kering, S. Kariuki); RIGHT Foundation, Seoul (J. Im); ICMR, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India (S. Kanungo); University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (X. Liu, A.J. Pollard); NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford (A.J. Pollard); UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA (J.D. Clemens); Korea University Vaccine Innovation Center, Seoul (J.D. Clemens)

Main Article

Table 6

Antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella Paratyphi A and Salmonella Typhi isolates from the dynamic cohort in epidemiologic study, Bangladesh, 2018–2020*

Drug No. resistant (%)
 p value
Salmonella Paratyphi A isolates from all clusters, n = 121 Salmonella Typhi isolates from JE clusters, n = 483
Ampicillin 1/121 (0.8) 194/482 (40.2) <0.001
Chloramphenicol 2/121 (1.7) 120/479 (25.1) <0.001
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 1/120 (0.8) 122/482 (25.3) <0.001
Amoxiclav 0/121 (0.0) 38/482 (7.9) <0.001
Azithromycin 14/121 (11.6) 9/483 (1.9) <0.001
Cefixime 0/121 (0.0) 0/483 (0.0) >0.999
Ceftriaxone 0/121 (0.0) 0/483 (0.0) >0.999
Gentamicin 0/121 (0.0) 2/482 (0.4) >0.999
Meropenem 0/121 (0.0) 0/482 (0.0) >0.999
Ciprofloxacin† 1/121 (0.8) 57/483 (11.8) <0.001
Nalidixic acid 119/121 (98.3) 456/483 (94.4) 0.229
MDR for ampicillin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 1/121 (0.8) 97/480 (20.2) <0.001

*p values determined by Fisher exact test. MDR, multidrug resistance. †Intermediate result for Salmonella Paratyphi A, 119/121 (98.3%); for Salmonella Typhi, 411/483 (85.1%).

Main Article

1These first authors contributed equally to this article.

2Thes authors contributed as joint senior authors.

Page created: August 12, 2025
Page updated: September 08, 2025
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