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Volume 31, Number 10—October 2025
Research
Comparative Epidemiology of Salmonella Paratyphi A and Salmonella Typhi Causing Enteric Fever, Bangladesh, 2018–2020
, Md Golam Firoj1, Se Eun Park1, Farhana Khanam1, Suneth Agampodi1, Kassa Haile1, Edilawit Mesfin, Faisal Ahmmed, Md Taufiqul Islam, Ashraful Islam Khan, Fahima Chowdhury, Afroza Akter, Martin Bundi Mwebia, Justin Im, Natasha Y. Rickett, Cecilia Kathure Mbae, Asma Binte Aziz, Beatrice Ongadi, Moses Mwangi, Benjamin Ngugi, Meseret Gebre Behute, Kelvin Kering, Suman Kanungo, Xinxue Liu, Deok Ryun Kim, Andrew J. Pollard, K Zaman2, Samuel Kariuki2, Firdausi Qadri2, and John D. Clemens2
Table 5
Clinical findings of Salmonella Paratyphi A and Salmonella Typhi by age group from cases detected in the dynamic cohort in epidemiologic study, Bangladesh, 2018–2020*
| Clinical finding | Paratyphoid cases from all clusters, n = 121 | Typhoid cases from JE clusters, n = 483 | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 121 (100) | 483 (100) | |
| Body temperature, °C, mean (± SD) | 37.8 (± 0.95) | 37.9 (± 0.93) | 0.165† |
| High fever, ≥40°C | 2 (1.7) | 3 (0.6) | 0.263‡ |
| Antibiotic taken in past 2 weeks | 35 (28.9) | 109 (22.6) | 0.177 |
| Admitted to hospital | 5 (4.1) | 24 (5.0) | 0.883 |
| Duration of hospitalization, d, median (IQR) | 6 (5–6) | 9.5 (5–13) | 0.139§ |
| Gastrointestinal tract diseases¶ | 29 (24.0) | 147 (30.4) | 0.198 |
| Lower respiratory tract diseases# | 33 (27.3) | 130 (26.9) | >0.999 |
| Upper respiratory tract diseases** | 12 (9.9) | 67 (13.9) | 0.316 |
| Neurologic diseases‡‡ | 13 (10.7) | 39 (8.1) | 0.450 |
| Rash/new lesion |
1 (0.8) |
3 (0.6) |
>0.999‡ |
| <5 years of age | 22 (18.2) | 189 (39.1) | |
| Body temperature, °C, mean (±SD) | 37.8 (±1.04) | 37.9 (±0.92) | 0.677† |
| High fever, ≥40°C | 2 (9.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0.010‡ |
| Antibiotic taken in past 2 weeks | 8 (36.4) | 39 (20.6) | 0.159 |
| Admitted to hospital | 1 (4.5) | 8 (4.2) | >0.999‡ |
| Duration of hospitalization, d, median (IQR) | 4 (4–4) | 10.5 (10–13) | 0.241§ |
| Gastrointestinal tract diseases¶ | 4 (18.2) | 59 (31.2) | 0.324‡ |
| Lower respiratory tract diseases# | 8 (36.4) | 59 (31.2) | 0.803 |
| Upper respiratory tract diseases** | 5 (22.7) | 33 (17.5) | 0.753 |
| Neurologic diseases‡‡ | 1 (4.5) | 5 (2.6) | 0.488‡ |
| Rash/new lesion |
0 (0.0) |
0 (0.0) |
>0.999‡ |
| >5 years of age | 99 (81.8) | 294 (60.9) | |
| Body temperature, mean °C (±SD) | 37.8 (±0.93) | 37.9 (±0.95) | 0.221† |
| High fever (≥40°C) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (1.0) | 0.575‡ |
| Antibiotic taken in last 2 weeks | 27 (27.3) | 70 (23.8) | 0.578 |
| Admitted to hospital | 4 (4.0) | 16 (5.4) | 0.792‡ |
| Duration of hospitalization, median d (IQR) | 6 (6–6) | 8 (5–13) | 0.669§ |
| Gastrointestinal tract diseases¶ | 25 (25.3) | 88 (29.9) | 0.446 |
| Lower respiratory tract diseases# | 25 (25.3) | 71 (24.1) | 0.932 |
| Upper respiratory tract diseases** | 7 (7.1) | 34 (11.6) | 0.282 |
| Neurologic diseases‡‡ | 12 (12.1) | 34 (11.6) | >0.999 |
| Rash/new lesion | 1 (1.0) | 3 (1.0) | >0.999‡ |
*Values are no. (%) except as indicated. p values derived from χ2 test except as indicated. †By t-test for mean difference. ‡By Fisher exact test. §By Mann-Whitney U test. ¶Gastrointestinal includes any of the following: abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. #Lower respiratory tract includes any of the following: cough, wheeze, tachypnea, respiratory distress. **Upper respiratory tract includes any of the following: sore throat, coryza, ear pain, enlarged tonsils, painful/swollen lymph nodes in head/neck, stridor. ‡‡Neurological includes any of the following: headache, photophobia, neck-stiffness, seizure.
1These first authors contributed equally to this article.
2Thes authors contributed as joint senior authors.