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Volume 31, Number 4—April 2025
Research

Case–Control Study of Factors Associated with Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome among Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli Patients, Ireland, 2017–2020

Diana Espadinha1Comments to Author , Melissa Brady1Comments to Author , Carina Brehony, Douglas Hamilton, Lois O’Connor, Robert Cunney, Suzanne Cotter, Anne Carroll, Patricia Garvey, and Eleanor McNamara
Author affiliation: European Programme for Public Health Microbiology Training, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Solna, Sweden (D. Espadinha); National Reference Laboratory for STEC at Public Health Laboratory Health Service Executive, Cherry Orchard Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (D. Espadinha, A. Carroll, E. McNamara); European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Solna (M. Brady); Health Service Executive Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin (M. Brady, C. Brehony, S. Cotter, P. Garvey); Health Service Executive National Social Inclusion Office, Dublin (D. Hamilton); Health Service Executive Public Health, Dr. Steevens’ Hospital, Dublin (L. O'Connor); Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin (R. Cunney); Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin (R. Cunney); Trinity College Dublin School of Medicine and Saint James's Hospital, Dublin (E. McNamara)

Main Article

Table 1

Timing of illness onset and demographic information for case-patients and controls in study of HUS among patients with STEC, Ireland, 2017–2020*

Category
 HUS-STEC case-patients
 Non–HUS-STEC controls
 p value†
 Total
Total
 108
 416
524
Year of STEC diagnosis
2017 23 (21) 76 (18) 0.581
 99 (19)
2018 34 (31) 118 (28) 152 (29)
2019 22 (20) 110 (26) 132 (25)
2020
 29 (27)
 112 (27)
 141 (27)
Season of STEC diagnosis
Autumn, August–October 53 (49) 160 (38) <0.05
 213 (41)
Winter, November–January 17 (16) 48 (12) 65 (12)
Spring, February–April 9 (8.3) 73 (18) 82 (16)
Summer, May–June
 29 (27)
 135 (32)
 164 (31)
Patient age, y
0–4 54 (50) 125 (30) <0.05
 179 (34)
5–9 23 (21) 31 (7.5) 54 (10)
10–14 8 (7.4) 34 (8.2) 42 (8.0)
15–64 9 (8.3) 150 (36) 159 (30)
>65
 14 (13)
 76 (18)
 90 (17)
Age range, y
0–9 77 (71) 156 (38) <0.05
 233 (44)
>10
 31 (29)
 260 (63)
 291 (56)
Sex
F 63 (58) 215 (52) 0.217
 278 (53)
M
 45 (42)
 201 (48)
 246 (47)
Region
East 23 (21) 59 (14) <0.05
 82 (16)
Northeast 7 (6.5) 40 (9.6) 47 (9)
Midlands 7 (6.5) 32 (7.7) 39 (7.4)
Northwest 8 (7.4) 16 (3.8) 24 (4.6)
Midwest 19 (18) 63 (15) 82 (16)
West 10 (9.3) 54 (13) 64 (12)
South 26 (24) 78 (19) 104 (20)
Southeast
 8 (7.4)
 74 (18)
 82 (16)
Resident of Ireland
N 0 2 (0) 0.436 2 (0)
Y 69 (64) 227 (55) 296 (56)
Missing 39 (36) 187 (45) 226 (43)

*Values are no. (%) except as indicated. HUS, hemolytic uremic syndrome; STEC, Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli. †By χ2 test.

Main Article

1These authors were co–principal investigators, contributed equally to this work, and share first authorship.

Page created: February 28, 2025
Page updated: March 11, 2025
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