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Volume 31, Number 4—April 2025
Research

Case–Control Study of Factors Associated with Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome among Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli Patients, Ireland, 2017–2020

Diana Espadinha1Comments to Author , Melissa Brady1Comments to Author , Carina Brehony, Douglas Hamilton, Lois O’Connor, Robert Cunney, Suzanne Cotter, Anne Carroll, Patricia Garvey, and Eleanor McNamara
Author affiliation: European Programme for Public Health Microbiology Training, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Solna, Sweden (D. Espadinha); National Reference Laboratory for STEC at Public Health Laboratory Health Service Executive, Cherry Orchard Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (D. Espadinha, A. Carroll, E. McNamara); European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Solna (M. Brady); Health Service Executive Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin (M. Brady, C. Brehony, S. Cotter, P. Garvey); Health Service Executive National Social Inclusion Office, Dublin (D. Hamilton); Health Service Executive Public Health, Dr. Steevens’ Hospital, Dublin (L. O'Connor); Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin (R. Cunney); Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin (R. Cunney); Trinity College Dublin School of Medicine and Saint James's Hospital, Dublin (E. McNamara)

Main Article

Table 5

Univariate and multivariable analysis of demographic factors associated with HUS development among persons with STEC, Ireland, 2017–2020*

Category
 Unadjusted OR (95% CI)
 p value†
 Adjusted OR (95% CI)
 p value†
Year of STEC diagnosis
2017 Referent NI
2018 1 (0.5–1.8) 0.873
2019 0.7 (0.3–1.3) 0.214
2020
 0.9 (0.5–1.6)
 0.622
Season of STEC diagnosis
Autumn Referent NI
Winter 1.1 (0.5–2) 0.836
Spring 0.4 (0.2–0.8) <0.05
Summer
 0.6 (0.3–1.2)
 0.152
Age, y
0–4 7.2 (3.6–16.1) <0.05 NI
5–9 12.4 (5.4–30.7) <0.05
10–14 3.9 (1.4–11) <0.05
15–64 Referent
>65
 3.1 (1.3–7.7)
 <0.05
Age group, y
0–9 4.1 (2.6–6.6) <0.05 3.3 (1.8–6.4) <0.05
>10
 Referent
Sex
F Referent NI
M
 0.8 (0.5–1.2)
 0.218
Region
East Referent
Northeast 0.4 (0.2–1.1) 0.094 0.2 (0–0.6) <0.05
Midlands 0.6 (0.2–1.4) 0.233 0.2 (0.1–0.7) <0.05
Northwest 1.3 (0.5–3.3) 0.617 0.4 (0.1–1.4) 0.168
Midwest 0.8 (0.4–1.6) 0.475 0.3 (0.1–0.7) <0.05
West 0.5 (0.2–1.1) 0.078 0.2 (0.1–0.7) <0.05
South 0.9 (0.4–1.7) 0.639 0.5 (0.2–1.3) 0.165
Southeast
 0.3 (0.1–0.6)
 <0.05
 0.1 (0–0.4)
 <0.05
Resident of Ireland
N Referent NI
Y 1.75 × 108 0.989

*N = 524 patients. Bold indicates significance. HUS, hemolytic uremic syndrome; NI, not included in final model; OR, odds ratio; STEC, Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli. †By χ2 test.

Main Article

1These authors were co–principal investigators, contributed equally to this work, and share first authorship.

Page created: February 28, 2025
Page updated: March 11, 2025
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