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Volume 32, Number 5—May 2026

Research

Zoonotic and Anthroponotic Plasmodium spp. Circulation between Wild Primates and Indigenous Community, Peruvian Amazon, 2007–2020

Gabriela M. UlloaComments to Author , Alex D. Greenwood, Omar E. Cornejo, Henar Alonso, Meddly L. Santolalla Robles, Stephanie Montero, Andres G. Lescano, and Pedro Mayor
Author affiliation: Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém-Pará, Brazil (G.M. Ulloa); Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru (G.M. Ulloa); Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany (A.D. Greenwood); Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin (A.D. Greenwood); University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA (O.E. Cornejo); University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain (H. Alonso); Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima (M.L. Santolalla Robles, S. Montero, A.G. Lescano); Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima (S. Montero); Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra-Barcelona, Spain (P. Mayor); Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, Iquitos, Peru (P. Mayor); Museo de Culturas Indígenas Amazónicas, Iquitos (P. Mayor)

Main Article

Table 2

Prevalence of Plasmodium spp. detected by nested PCR targeting cytb gene in 341 nonhuman primates from 10 species sampled in Yavarí-Mirín River basin, Loreto region, Peru, 2007–2020*

Host species Total no. samples Plasmodium spp., no. (%) P. brasilianum or P. malariae, no. (%) P. vivax or P. simium, no. (%) P. falciparum, no (%)
Atelidae 207 92 (44.44) 43 (22.75) 31 (16.40) 0
Lagothrix lagothrica poeppigii 143 57 (39.86) 32 (24.24) 14 (10.61) 0
Ateles chamek 43 18 (41.86) 5 (12.82) 9 (23.08) 0
Alouatta seniculus
 21
 17 (80.95)
 6 (33.33)
 8 (44.44)
 0
Cebidae 84 48 (57.14) 15 (20.27) 23 (31.08) 0
Sapajus macrocephalus 57 26 (45.61) 5 (9.80) 15 (29.41) 0
Cebus albifrons 19 14 (73.68) 7 (41.18) 5 (29.41) 0
Saimiri macrodon
 8
 8 (100)
 3 (50.00)
 3 (50.00)
 0
Pitheciidae 49 36 (73.47) 24 (53.33) 7 (15.56) 1 (2.22)
Cacajao calvus ucayalii 29 22 (75.86) 18 (66.67) 2 (7.41) 0
Pithecia monachus 16 10 (62.50) 6 (40.00) 2 (13.33) 1 (6.67)
Plecturocebus cupreus
 4
 4 (100)
 1 (25.00)
 3 (75.00)
 0
Callitrichidae 1 1 (100) 1 (100) 0 0
Leontocebus fuscicollis
 1
 1 (100)
 1 (100)
 0
 0
Total 341 177 (51.91) 84 (24.63) 61 (17.89) 1 (0.29)

*Data presented by taxonomic group and species. Percentages reflect proportion of positive persons for each parasite species within sampled group. Prevalence values calculated relative to total persons per host species.

Main Article

Page created: March 17, 2026
Page updated: May 06, 2026
Page reviewed: May 06, 2026
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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