Plasmodium falciparum K76T pfcrt Gene Mutations and Parasite Population Structure, Haiti, 2006–2009
Macarthur Charles, Sanchita Das, Rachel Daniels, Laura Kirkman, Glavdia G. Delva, Rodney Destine, Ananias A. Escalante, Leopoldo Villegas, Noah M. Daniels, Kristi Shigyo, Sarah K. Volkman, Jean W. Pape, and Linnie M. Golightly
Author affiliations: Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA (M. Charles, S. Das, L. Kirkman, K. Shigyo, J.W. Pape, L.M. Golightly); The Haitian Group for the Study of Kaposi's Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections Centers (GHESKIO); Port-au-Prince, Haiti (M. Charles, G.G. Delva, R. Destine, J.W. Pape); Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA (R. Daniels, S.K. Volkman); Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA (R. Daniels, S.K. Volkman); Temple University, Department of Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA (A. Escalante); ICF International, Rockville, Maryland, USA (L. Villegas); Centro de Investigación de Campo Dr. Francesco Vitanza, Tumeremo, Venezuela (L. Villegas); Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (N.M. Daniels); Simmons College, Boston (S.K. Volkman)
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Figure 4
Figure 4. Spatial principal components analysis (sPCA), performed in 2 dimensions (d = 2) comparing malarial parasite population structures based on monogenomic single-nucleotide polymorphism barcodes from Haiti (n = 42), Colombia (n = 7), Panama (n = 37), and Venezuela (n = 31). The x-axis represents the eigenvector associated with the first principal component, which differentiates between populations; the y axis represents the second principal component, which differentiates between samples within the same populations. Inset graph depicts the amount of variability described by the principal components: x-axis indicates individual principal components, y-axis their individual contribution to the observed variance. Black bars, displayed eigenvectors; gray bars, retained principal components; white bars, nonretained principal components.
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