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Volume 32, Supplement –Summer 2026
SUPPLEMENT ISSUE
Supplement
Evaluation of Detection Methods for Wastewater Surveillance of Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria from Healthcare Facilities
Ean Warren, James VanDerslice, L. Scott Benson, William J. Brazelton, Windy Tanner, Amanda K. Lyons, Florence Whitehill, Angela Coulliette-Salmond, Sydney Fusco, and Jennifer Weidhaas
Table 2
Sample handling methods for comparison of sample volumes, preservation method, hold time, hold temperature, and centrifugation speeds in study of detection methods for wastewater surveillance of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria from healthcare facilities*
| Sample type | Comparisons | No. for each treatment | Volume, mL | Hold time, d | Hold temp, °C | Centrifuge settings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G | Sample volumes and centrifugation | 4 | 40 | NA | NA | 10 min at 31,400 × g |
| G | Sample volumes and centrifugation | 2 | 40 | NA | NA | 1 h at 3,400 × g |
| G | Sample volumes and centrifugation | 4 | 500 | NA | NA | 1 h at 3,400 × g |
| C | Control, processed immediately | 3 | 40 | NA | NA | 10 min at 31,400 × g |
| C | Holding times and temperatures of raw samples | 3 | 40 | 1, 7, or 29 | 4, −20, or −70 | 10 min at 31,400 × g |
| C | Effect of preservatives, hold time and temperatures† | 3 | 40 | 1, 7, or 29 | 4, −20, or −70 | 10 min at 31,400 × g |
| C | PEG concentrated and centrifuged sample with hold | 3 | 40 | 1 | 4, −20, or −70 | 10 min at 31,400 × g |
| C | Nucleic acid stability | 3 | 40 | 7 | −20 or −70 | 10 min at 31,400 × g |
| C | Nucleic acid stability | 6 | 40 | 29 | −20 | 10 min at 31,400 × g |
*C, composite; G, grab sample; NA, not applicable; PEG, polyethylene glycol. †Preservative is 1:1 vol:vol mix of wastewater: sterile 50% glycerol in tris.
Page created: May 26, 2026
Page updated: July 31, 2026
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