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Volume 32, Supplement –Summer 2026

SUPPLEMENT ISSUE
Supplement

Evaluation of Detection Methods for Wastewater Surveillance of Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria from Healthcare Facilities

Ean Warren, James VanDerslice, L. Scott Benson, William J. Brazelton, Windy Tanner, Amanda K. Lyons, Florence Whitehill, Angela Coulliette-Salmond, Sydney Fusco, and Jennifer WeidhaasComments to Author 
Author affiliation: University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (E. Warren, J. VanDerslice, L.S. Benson, W.J. Brazelton, W. Tanner, S. Fusco, J. Weidhaas); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (F. Whitehill, A. Coulliette-Salmond); US Public Health Service, Rockville, Maryland, USA (A. Coulliette-Salmond)

Main Article

Table 4

Spearman rank order correlations among building water usage-normalized blaKPC, blaOXA-48-like, and blaVIM log gene concentrations for composite, passive, and sewer biofilm sample collection methods in study of detection methods for wastewater surveillance of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria from healthcare facilities*

Gene Composite
Passive
Biofilm
KPC OXA VIM KPC OXA VIM KPC OXA VIM
Composite
KPC – ρ = 0.66, p<0.001, n = 58 ρ = 0.56, p = 0.008, n = 21 ρ = 0.40,
p = 0.003, n = 51		 ρ = 0.41,
p = 0.003, n = 50		 ρ = 0.68, p = 0.005, n = 15 NS NS NS
OXA – ρ = 0.64, p = 0.002, n = 21 NS ρ = 0.4,1
p = 0.003, n = 50		 ρ = 0.70, p = 0.004, n = 15 NS NS NS
VIM
–
NS
 NS
 ρ = 0.78, p = 0.005, n = 10
NS
 NS
 NS
Passive
KPC – ρ = 0.60,
p<0.001, n = 51		 NS NS NS NS
OXA – NS NS ρ = 0.67,
p = 0.008, n = 14		 NS
VIM
–
ρ = −0.821,
p = 0.01, n = 7
 NS
 NS
Biofilm
KPC – ρ = 0.76
p<0.001, n = 15		 NS
OXA – NS
VIM –

*Daily values were calculated for composite samples as log (GC/mL)/(monthly average gal × 103/day), for passive samplers as log (GC/g)/(monthly average gal *103/day), and for biofilm samples as log (GC/cm2)/(monthly average gal × 103/d); nonnormalized data correlations are shown in Appendix Table 5. blaNDM and blaIMP are not included because they were not correlated or only correlated in <5 samples. B, sewer biofilm; C, composite; CKPC, blaKPC; NS, not significant at p<0.05; OXA, blaOXA-48-like; P, passive; VIM, blaVIM.

Main Article

Page created: May 26, 2026
Page updated: July 31, 2026
Page reviewed: July 31, 2026
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