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Volume 32, Supplement –Summer 2026

SUPPLEMENT ISSUE
Supplement

Evaluation of Detection Methods for Wastewater Surveillance of Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria from Healthcare Facilities

Ean Warren, James VanDerslice, L. Scott Benson, William J. Brazelton, Windy Tanner, Amanda K. Lyons, Florence Whitehill, Angela Coulliette-Salmond, Sydney Fusco, and Jennifer WeidhaasComments to Author 
Author affiliation: University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (E. Warren, J. VanDerslice, L.S. Benson, W.J. Brazelton, W. Tanner, S. Fusco, J. Weidhaas); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (F. Whitehill, A. Coulliette-Salmond); US Public Health Service, Rockville, Maryland, USA (A. Coulliette-Salmond)

Main Article

Table 4

Spearman rank order correlations among building water usage-normalized blaKPC, blaOXA-48-like, and blaVIM log gene concentrations for composite, passive, and sewer biofilm sample collection methods in study of detection methods for wastewater surveillance of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria from healthcare facilities*

Gene Composite
Passive
Biofilm
KPC OXA VIM KPC OXA VIM KPC OXA VIM
Composite
KPC – ρ = 0.66, p<0.001, n = 58 ρ = 0.56, p = 0.008, n = 21 ρ = 0.40,
p = 0.003, n = 51		 ρ = 0.41,
p = 0.003, n = 50		 ρ = 0.68, p = 0.005, n = 15 NS NS NS
OXA – ρ = 0.64, p = 0.002, n = 21 NS ρ = 0.4,1
p = 0.003, n = 50		 ρ = 0.70, p = 0.004, n = 15 NS NS NS
VIM
–
NS
 NS
 ρ = 0.78, p = 0.005, n = 10
NS
 NS
 NS
Passive
KPC – ρ = 0.60,
p<0.001, n = 51		 NS NS NS NS
OXA – NS NS ρ = 0.67,
p = 0.008, n = 14		 NS
VIM
–
ρ = −0.821,
p = 0.01, n = 7
 NS
 NS
Biofilm
KPC – ρ = 0.76
p<0.001, n = 15		 NS
OXA – NS
VIM –

*Daily values were calculated for composite samples as log(GC/mL)/(monthly average gal × 103/d), for passive samplers as log(GC/g)/(monthly average gal × 103/d), and for biofilm samples as log(GC/cm2)/(monthly average gal × 103/d); nonnormalized data correlations are shown in Appendix Table 5. blaNDM and blaIMP are not included because they were not correlated or only correlated in <5 samples. B, sewer biofilm; C, composite; CKPC, blaKPC; NS, not significant at p<0.05; OXA, blaOXA-48-like; P, passive; VIM, blaVIM.

Main Article

Page created: May 26, 2026
Page updated: September 15, 2026
Page reviewed: September 15, 2026
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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